Ackermann, H., Mathiak, K., & Ivry, R. B. (2004). Temporal organization of "internal speech" as a basis for cerebellar modulation of cognitive functions. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 3(1), 14–22. doi: 10.1177/1534582304263251
Adams, M. R. (1974). A physiologic and aerodynamic interpretation of fluent and stuttered speech. Journal of Fluency Disorders., 1, 35–67. doi: 10.1016/S0094-730X(74)80005-7
Adams, M. R. & Ramig, P. (1980). Vocal characteristics of normal speakers and stutterers during choral reading. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 23(2), 457–469. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2302.457
Alderson-Day, B. & Fernyhough, C. (2015). Inner speech: development, cognitive functions, phenomenology, and neurobiology. Psychological Bulletin, 141(5), 931–965. doi: 10.1037/bul0000021
Aleman, A., & van’t Wout, M. (2004). Subvocalization in auditory–verbal imagery: Just a form of motor imagery? Cognitive Processing, 5, 228–231. doi: 10.1007/s10339-004-0034-y
Alexander, A. L., Lee, J. F., Lazar, M., & Field, A. S. (2007). Diffusion tensor imaging of the brain. Neurotherapeutics, 4, 316–329. doi: 10.1016/j.nurt.2007.05.011
Alexander, J. D. & Nygaard, L. C. (2008). Reading voices and hearing text: Talker-specific auditory imagery in reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34(2), 446–459. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.34.2.446
Alm, P. A. (2014). Stuttering in relation to anxiety, temperament, and personality: Review and analysis with focus on causality. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 40, 5–21. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.01.004
Alm, P. A. (2006). A new framework for understanding stuttering: The dual premotor model. In 5th World Congress On Fluency Disorders (CD), International Fluency Association, Dublin.
Alm, P. A. (2004). Stuttering and the basal ganglia circuits: a critical review of possible relations. Journal of Communication Disorders, 37(4), 325–369. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.03.001
Ambrose, N. G., Yairi, E., Loucks, T. M., Seery, C. H., & Throneburg, R. (2015). Relation of motor, linguistic and temperament factors in epidemiologic subtypes of persistent and recovered stuttering: Initial findings. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 45,12–26. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2015.05.004
Ambrose, N. G., & Yairi, E.. (1999). Normative disfluency data for early childhood stuttering. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 42(4), 859–909. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4204.895
Ambrose, N. G., Cox, N. J., & Yairi, E. (1997). The genetic basis of persistence and recovery in stuttering. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40(3), 567–580. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4003.567
Ambrose, N. G., & Yairi, E.. (1995). The role of repetition units in the differential diagnosis of early childhood incipient stuttering. Americcan Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 4(3), 82–88. doi: 10.1044/1058-0360.0403.82
Anderson, J. D. & Wagovich, S. A. (2010). Relationships among linguistic processing speed, phonological working memory, and attention in children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 35(3), 216–234. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2010.04.003
Anderson, J. D., Wagovich, S. A., & Hall, N. E. (2006). Nonword repetition skills in young children who do and do not stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 31(3), 177–199. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2006.05.001
Anderson, J., Pellowski, M., & Conture, E. (2005). Childhood stuttering and dissociations across linguistic domains. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 30(4), 219–253. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2009.10.005
Anderson, J. D. & Conture . E G. (2004). Sentence-structure priming in young children who do and do not stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 47(3), 552–571. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/043
Anderson, J. D., Pellowski, M. W., Conture, E. G., & Kelly, E. M. (2003). Temperamental characteristics of young children who stutter. Journal of Speech. Language, and Hearing Research, 46 (5), 1221–1233. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/095)
Anderson, J. D. &, Conture, E. G. (2000).. Language abilities of children who stutter: A preliminary study. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 25(4), 283–384. doi: 10.1016/S0094-730X(00)00089-9
Andrade, A. N. de, Gil, D., Schiefer, A. M., & Pereira, L. D.(2008). Behavioral auditory processing evaluation in individuals with stuttering. Pró-Fono Revista de Atualização Científica, 20(1), 43–49. doi: 10.1590/s0104-56872008000100008
Andrews, G., Howie, P. .M., Dozsa, M., & Guitar, B. E. (1982). Stuttering: Speech pattern characteristics under fluency-inducing conditions. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 25(2), 208–215. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2502.208
Arcuri, C. F., Schiefer, A. M., & Azevedo, M. F. (2017). Research about suppression effect and auditory processing in individuals who stutter. Codas, 29(3), e20160230. doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20172016230
Arenas, R. M., Zebrowski, P. M., & Moon, J. B. (2012). Phonetically governed voicing onset and offset in preschool children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 37(3), 179–187. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.04.001
Armson, J, & Kiefte, M. (2008). The effect of SpeechEasy on stuttering frequency, speech rate, and speech naturalness. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 33(2), 120–134. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2008.04.002
Armson, J., & Stuart, A. (1998). Effect of extended exposure to frequency-altered feedback on stuttering during reading and monologue. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41(3), 479–490. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4103.479
Asal, S. & Abdou, R. M. (2014). The study of central auditory processing in stuttering children. The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology, 30, 357–361. doi: 10.4103/1012-5574.144976
Ashby, J. & Clifton, C. Jr. (2005). The prosodic property of lexical stress affects eye movements during silent reading. Cognition, 96(3), B89–B100. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2004.12.006
Astheimer, L. B. & Sanders, L. C. (2009). Listeners modulate temporally selective attention during natural speech processing. Biological Psychology, 80(1), 23–34. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.01.015
Astheimer, L. B. & Sanders, L. C. (2012). Temporally selective attention supports speech processing in 3- to 5-year-old children. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 2(1), 120–128. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2011.03.002
Atkinson, R. C. & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In: K. W. Spence & J. T. Spence (eds.): The Psychology of Learning and Motivation. Vol 2. New York: Academic Press.
Azrin, N. H., & Nunn, R. G. (1974). A rapid method of eliminating stuttering by a regulated breathing approach. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 12(4), 279–286. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(74)90002-3
Baars, J. B., Motley, M. T, & MacKay, D. J. (1975). Output editing for lexical status in artificially elicited slips of the tongue. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14(4), 382–391. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5371(75)80017-X
Bajaj, A. (2007). Working memory involvement in stuttering: Exploring the evidence and research implications. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 32(3), 218–238. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2007.03.002
Bakheit, A. M. O. (2011). Remission of life-long stammering after posterior circulation stroke. Neurocase, 17, 41–45. doi: 10.1080/13554794.2010.497153
Barber, V. (1940). Studies in the psychology of stuttering: XVI: Rhythm as a distraction in stuttering. Journal of Speech Disorders, 5(1), 29–42. doi: 10.1044/jshd.0501.29
Barber, V. A. (1939). Studies in the psychology of stuttering: XV: Chorus reading as a distractor in stuttering. Journal of Speech Disorders, 4(4), 371–383. doi: 10.1044/jshd.0404.371
Bartzokis, G. 1., Lu, P. H., Heydari, P., Couvrette, A., Lee, G.J., Kalashyan, G., Freeman, F., Grinstead, J. W., Villablanca, P., Finn, J. P., Mintz, J., Alger, J. R., & Altshuler, L.L. (2012). Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging assessment of white matter aging trajectories over the lifespan of healthy individuals. Biological Psychiatry, 15(12), 1026–34. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.07.010
Bauer, A., Jäncke, L., & Kalveram, K.Th. (1997). Mechanical perturbation of the jaw during speech in stutterers and nonstutterers. In W. Hulstijn, H.F.M. Peters & P.H.H.M. van Lieshout (eds.), Speech Production: Motor Control, Brain Research and Fluency Disorders. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 191–196.
Beal, D. S., Gracco, V. L., Brettschneider, J., Kroll, R. M., & De Nil, L. F. (2013). A voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis of regional gray and white matter volume abnormalities within the speech production network of children who stutter. Cortex, 49(8), 2151–2161. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.08.013
Beal, D. S., Quraan, M. A., Cheyne, D. O., Taylor, M. J., Gracco, V. L., & De Nil, L. F. (2011). Speech-induced suppression of evoked auditory fields in children who stutter. Neuroimage, 54(4), 2994–3003. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.026
Beal, D. S., Cheyne, D. O., Gracco, V. L., Quraan, M. A., Taylor, M. J., & De Nil, L. F. (2010). Auditory evoked fields to vocalization during passive listening and active generation in adults who stutter. Neuroimage, 52(4), 1645–1653. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.277
Beal, D. S., Gracco, V. L., Lafaille, S.J., & De Nil, L.F.. (2007). Voxel-based morphometry of auditory and speech-related cortex in stutterers. Neuroreport, 18(12), 1257–1260. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e3282202c4d
Behroozmand, R. & Larson, C. R. (2011) Error-dependent modulation of speech-induced auditory suppression for pitch-shifted voice feedback. BMC neuroscience, 12: 54. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-12-54. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-54
Bengtsson, S. L., Nagy, Z., Skare. S. Forsman, L., Forssberg, H., Ullén, F. (2005). Extensive piano practicing has regionally specific effects on white matter development. Nature Neuroscience, 8(9), 1148–1150. doi: 10.1038/nn1516
Ben Shalom, D. & Poeppel, D. (2008). Functional anatomic models of language: Assembling the pieces. The Neuroscientist, 14(1), 119–127. doi: 10.1177/1073858407305726
Bernal, B. & Adrila, A. (2009): The role of the arcuate fasciculus in conduction aphasia. Brain, 132(Pt 9), 2309–2316. doi: 10.1093/brain/awp206.
Bernstein Ratner, N. (1997). Stuttering: a psycholinguistic perspective. In R. F. Curlee & G. M. Siegel (Eds.), Nature and Treatment of Stuttering. New Directions (pp. 99–127). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Bernstein Ratner, N. & Wijnen, F. (2006). The vicious cycle: linguistic encoding, self-monitoring and stuttering. In Research, treatment, and self-help in fluency disorders. Preceedings of the Fifth World Congress of Fluency Disorders (pp. 84–90). Dublin: ifa.
Bernstein Ratner, N., & Sih, C. C. (1987). Effects of gradual increases in sentence length and complexity on children's dysfluency. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 52(3), 278–287. doi: 10.1044/jshd.5203.278
Blakemore S. J., Frith C. D., & Wolpert D. M. (2001). The cerebellum is involved in predicting the sensory consequences of action. Neuroreport 12(9), 1879–1884. doi: 10.1097/00001756-200107030-00023
Blood, I. M. (1996). Disruptions in auditory and temporal processing in adults who stutter. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 82(1), 272–274. doi: 10.2466/pms.1996.82.1.272
Blood, G. W. & Blood, I. M. (1984a). Central auditory function in young stutterers. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 59(3), 699–705. doi: 10.2466/pms.1984.59.3.699
Blood, I. M. & Blood, G. W. (1984b). Relationship between stuttering severity and brainstem-evoked response testing. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 59(3), 935–938. doi: 10.2466/pms.1984.59.3.935
Bloodstein, O. (2006). Some empirical observations about early stuttering: a possible link to language development. Journal of Communication Disorders, 39(3), 185–191. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2005.11.007
Bloodstein, O. (1995). A Handbook on Stuttering. (5th ed.). London: Chapman & Hall.
Bloodstein, O. (1975). Stuttering as tension and fragmentation. In Eisenson (Ed.). Stuttering: A second symposium (pp. 1–95). New York: Harper & Row.
Bloodstein, O. (1974). The rules of early stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 39(4), 379–394. doi: 10.1044/jshd.3904.379
Bloodstein, O. (1960). The development of stuttering. II. Development phases. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 25(4), 366–376. doi: 10.1044/jshd.2504.366
Bloodstein, O. (1958). Stuttering as an anticipatory struggle reaction. In J. Eisenson (Ed.) Stuttering. A symposium (pp. 3–69). New York: Harper & Row.
Bloodstein, O. (1950). A rating scale study of conditions under which stuttering is reduced or absent. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 15(1), 29–36. doi: 10.1044/jshd.1501.29
Bloodstein, O. & Bernstein Ratner, N. (2008). A Handbook on Stuttering. (6th ed.). New York: Thomson Delmar Learning.
Boers-Van Dijk, M. (1973). Distraction int the treatment of stuttering. In Y. Lebrun & R. Hoops (Eds.) Neurolinguistic Approaches to Stuttering: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Stuttering, Brussels, 1972. (pp. 1–7). De Gruyter Mouton. doi: 10.1515/9783110885859-001
Borden, G. J. (1979). An interpretation of research on feedback interruption in speech. Brain and Lttnguage, 7(3), 307–319. doi: 10.1016/0093-934x(79)90025-7
Bosshardt, H. G. (2006). Cognitive processing load as a determinant of stuttering: Summary of a research programme. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 20(5), 371–385. doi: 10.1080/02699200500074321
Bosshardt, H. G. (2002). Effects of concurrent cognitive processing on the fluency of word repetition: Comparison between persons who do and do not stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 27(2) 93–114. doi: 10.1016/s0094-730x(02)00113-4
Bosshardt, H. G. (1999). Effects of concurrent mental calculation on stuttering, inhalation and speech timing. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 24(1), 43–72. doi: 10.1016/S0094-730X(98)00022-9
Bosshardt, H.-G. (1993). Differences between stutterers' and nonstutterers' short-term recall and recognition performance. Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 36(2), 286–293. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3602.286
Bosshardt, H.-G., Ballmer, W., & De Nil, L. (2002). Effects of category and rhyme decisions on sentence production. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45(5), 844–857. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/068)
Bostan, A. C., & Strick, P. L. (2018). The basal ganglia and the cerebellum: nodes in an integrated network. Nature Review Neuroscience, 19(6), 338–350. doi: 10.1038/s41583-018-0002-7
Brady, J. P. (1969). Studies on the metronome effect on stuttering. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 7(2), 197–204. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(69)90033-3
Braitenberg, V., Heck, D., & Sultan, F. (1997). The detection and generation of sequences as a key to cerebellar function: experiments and theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 20(2), 229–277, discussion 245–277. PMID: 10096998
Brauer, J. (2009). Functional development and structural maturation in the brain's neural network underlying language comprehension (Dissertation), Leipzig: Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences. [PDF]
Braun, A. R., Varga, M., Stager, S., Schulz, G., Selbie, S., Maisog, J. M., Carson, R. F., & Ludlow, C. L. (1997). Altered patterns of cerebral activity during speech and language production in developmental stuttering. Brain, 120(Pt 5), 761–784. doi: 10.1093/brain/120.5.761
Brocklehurst, P. H., Lickley, R. J., & Corley, M. (2013). Revisiting Bloodstein's Anticipatory Struggle Hypothesis from a psycholinguistic perspective. A variable release threshold hypothesis of stuttering. Journal of Communication Disorders, 46(3), 217–237. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2013.04.002
Brocklehurst, P. H., & Corley, M. (2011). Investigating the inner speech of people who stutter: Evidence for (and against) the Covert Repair Hypothesis. Journal of Communication Disorders, 44(2), 246–260. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.11.004
Brocklehurst, P. H. & Corley, M. (2009). Lexical bias and the phonemic similarity effect in inner speech. In: 15th Annual Conference on Architectures and Mechanisms for Language Processing, Barcelona. PDF
Brotchie, P., Iansek, R., & Horne, M. K. (1991). Motor function of the monkey globus pallidus. 2. Cognitive aspects of movement and phasic neuronal activity. Brain, 114(Pt 4), 1685–1702. doi: 10.1093/brain/114.4.1685
Brown, S. F. (1945). The loci of stuttering in the speech sequence. Journal of Speech Disorders, 10 (3), 181–192. doi: 10.1044/jshd.1003.181
Brown, S. F. (1938). Stuttering with relation to word accent and word position. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 33(1), 112–120. doi: 10.1037/h0062149
Brown, S. F. & Moren, A. (1942). The frequency of stuttering in relation to word length during oral reading. Journal of Speech Disorders, 7(2), 153–159. doi: 10.1044/jshd.0702.153
Brown, S., Ingham, R. J., Ingham, J. C., Laird, A. R., & Fox, P. T. (2005). Stuttered and fluent speech production: An ALE Meta-Analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Human Brain Mapping, 25(1), 105–117. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20140
Brown, T., Sambrooks, J. F., & MacCulloch, M. J. (1975). Auditory thresholds and the effect of reduced auditory feedback of stuttering. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 51(5), 297–311. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00009.x
Brumberg, J. S., Krusienski, D. J., Chakrabarti, S., Gunduz, A., Brunner, P., Ritaccio, A. L., & Schalk, G. (2016). Spatio-temporal progression of cortical activity related to continuous overt and covert speech production in a reading task. PLoS ONE, 11(11), e0166872. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166872
Brutten, G. J., & Trotter, A. C. (1985). Hemispheric interference: A dual-task investigation of youngsters who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 10(2), 77–85. doi: 10.1016/0094-730X(85)90016-6
Büchel, C. & Sommer, M. (2004). What causes stuttering? PloS Biology. 2(2), e46. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020046
Budde, K. S., Barron, D. S., & Fox, P. T. (2014). Stuttering, induced fluency, and natural fluency: A hierarchical series of activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses. Brain & Language, 139, 99–107. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2014.10.002.
Buhr, A. P. & Zebrowski, P. M. (2009). Sentence position and syntactic complexity of stuttering in early childhood: A longitudinal study. Jounal of Fluency Disorders, 34(3), 155–172. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2009.08.001
Byrd, C. T., Vallely, M., Anderson, J. D., & Sussman, H. (2012). Nonword repetition and phoneme elision in adults who do and do not stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 37(3), 188–201. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.03.003
Byrd, C. T., Conture, E. G., & Ohde, R. N. (2007). Phonological priming in young children who stutter. Holistic versus incremental processing. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 16(1), 43–53. doi: 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/006
Cai, S., Beal, D. S., Ghosh, S. S., Guenther, F. H., & Perkell, J. S. (2014a). Impaired timing adjustments in response to time-varying auditory perturbation during connected speech production in persons who stutter. Brain & Language, 129, 24–29. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2014.01.002.
Cai, S., Tourville, J. A., Beal, D. S., Perkell, J. S., Guenther, F. H., & Ghosh, S. S. (2014b). Diffusion imaging of cerebral white matter in persons who stutter: evidence for network-level anomalies. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, article 54. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00054
Cai, S., Beal, D. S., Ghosh, S.S., Tiede, M. K., Guenther, F. H., et al. (2012). Weak responses to auditory feedback perturbation during articulation in persons who stutter: evidence for abnormal auditory-motor transformation. PLoS ONE, 7(7), e41830. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041830
Calvert, G. A., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J. et al. (1997). Activation of auditory cortex during silent lip reading. Science, 276(5312), 593–596. doi: 10.1126/science.276.5312.593
Carruthers, P. & Bouchet, J. (1998). Language and thought. Interdisciplinary themes (pp. 1–18). Cambridge: University press.
Caruso, A. J., Chodzko-Zajko, W. J,, Bidinger, D. A., & Sommers, R. K. (1994). Adults who stutter: responses to cognitive stress. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 37(4), 746–754. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3704.746
Catani, M, & Mesulam, M. (2008). The arcuate fasciculus and the disconnection theme in language. and aphasia: History and current state. Cortex, 44(8), 953–961. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2008.04.002
Catani, M., Jones, D. K., & ffytche, D. H. (2005). Perisylvian language networks of the human brain. Annals of Neurology, 57(1), 8–16. doi: 10.1002/ana.20319
Chang, E. F., Niziolek, C. A., Knight, R. T., Nagarajan, S. S., & Houde, J.F. (2013). Human cortical sensorimotor network underlying feedback control of vocal pitch. PNAS, 110(7), 2653–2658. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1216827110
Chang, S.-E. (2014). Research updates in neuroimaging studies of children who stutter. Seminars in Speech and Language, 35(2), 67–79. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1382151
Chang, S.-E., Angstadt M., Chow H. M., Etchell, A. C., Garnett, E. O., Choo, A. L., Kessler, D., Welsh, R. C., & Sripada, C. (2018). Anomalous network architecture of the resting brain in children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 55, 46–57. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.01.002
Chang, S.-E., Zhu, D.C., Choo, A. L., & Angstadt, M. (2015). White matter neuroanatomical differences in young children who stutter. Brain, 138(Pt 3), 694–711. doi: 10.1093/brain/awu400
Chang, S.-E. & Zhu, D. C. (2013). Neural network connectivity differences in children who stutter. Brain, 136(Pt 12), 3709–3726. doi: 10.1093/brain/awt275
Chang, S.-E., Horwitz, B., Ostuni, J., Reynolds, R., & Ludlow, C. L. (2011). Evidence of left inferior frontal-premotor structural and functional connectivity deficits in adults who stutter. Cerebral Cortex, 21(11), 2507–2518. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhr028
Chang S.-E., Synnestvedt, A., Ostuni, J., & Ludlow, C. L. (2010). Similarities in speech and white matter characteristics in idiopathic developmental stuttering and adult-onset stuttering. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 23(5), 455–469. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2008.11.004
Chang, S.-E., Kenney, M. K., Loucks, T. M., & Ludlow, C. L. (2009). Brain activation abnormalities during speech and non-speech in stuttering speakers. Neuroimage, 46(1), 201–212. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.01.066
Chang, S.-E., Erickson, K. I., Ambrose, N. G., Hasegawa-Johnson, M. A., & Ludlow, C. (2008). Brain anatomy differences in childhood stuttering. NeuroImage, 39(3), 1333–1344. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.09.067
Charlton, R. A., Barrick, T.R., Lawes, I. N., Markus, H. S., & Morris, R. G. (2010). White matter pathways associated with working memory in normal aging. Cortex, 46, 474–489. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2009.07.005
Chermak, G. D. & Musiek, F. E.. (1997). Central auditory processing disorders: New perspectives. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group.
Cherry, E. C., (1953). Some experiments on the recognition of speech, with one and with two ears. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 15, 975–979. doi: 10.1121/1.1907229
Cherry, E. C. & Sayers, B. M. (1956). Experiments upon the total inhibition of stammering by external control, and some clinical results. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1(4), 233–246. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(56)90001-0
Cherry, C., Sayers, B., & Marland, P. M. (1955). Experiments on the complete suppression of stammering. Nature, 176(4488), 874–875. doi: 10.1038/176874a0
Choi, D., Conture, E. G., Walden, T. A., Jones, R. M,. & Kim, H. (2016). Emotional diathesis, emotional stress, and childhood stuttering.Journal of Speech, Langauge, and Hearing Research, 59(4), 616–630. doi: 10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0357
Chou, F.-C. (2014). Behavioral and electrophysiological observations of attentional control in children who stutter. Doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa, https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4593
Chow, H. M. & Chang, S.-E. (2017). White matter developmental trajectories associated with persistence and recovery of childhood stuttering during childhood. Human Brain Mapping, 38(7), 3354–3359. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23590
Christoffels, I. K., van de Ven, V., Waldoro, L. J., Formisano, E., & Schiller, N. O. (2011). The Sensory consequences of speaking: Parametric neural cancellation during speech in auditory cortex. PLoS ONE, 6(5), e18307. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018307
Christoffels, I. K., Formisano, E., & Schiller, N. O. (2007). Neural correlates of verbal feedback processing: an fMRI study employing overt speech. Human Brain Mapping, 28(9), 868–879. doi: 1002/hbm.20315
Civier, O., Kronfeld-Duenias, V., Amir, O., Ezrati-Vinacour, R., & Ben-Shachar, M. (2015). Reduced fractional anisotropy in the anterior corpus callosum is associated with reduced speech fluency in persistent developmental stuttering. Brain and Language, 143, 20–31. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.01.012
Civier, O., Bullock, D., Max, L., & Guenther, F. H. (2013). Computational modeling of stuttering caused by impairments in a basal ganglia thalamo-cortical circuit involved in syllable selection and initiation. Brain and Language, 126(3), 263–278. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2013.05.016
Civier, O., Tasko, S. M., & Guenther, F. H. (2010). Overreliance on auditory feedback may lead to sounds/syllable repetitions: simulations of stuttering and fluency-inducing conditions with a neural model of speech production. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 35(3), 246–279. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2010.05.002
Clark, C. E., Conture, E. G., Walden, T. A., & Lambert, W. E. (2015). Speech-language dissociations, distractibility, and childhood stuttering. American Journal of Speech and Language Pathology, 24(3), 480–503. doi: 10.1044/2015_ajslp-14-0198
Coalson, G. A., Byrd, C. T., & Davis, B. L. (2012). The influence of phonetic complexity on stuttered speech. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 26(7), 646–659. doi: 10.3109/02699206.2012.682696
Colcord R. D. & Adams, M. R. (1979). Vocal duration and voicing SPL changes associated with stuttering reduction during singing. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 22(3), 468–479. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2203.468
Commodore, R. W. (1980). Communicative stress and stuttering during normal, whispered, and articulation-without-phonation speech: A further study. Human Communication, 5(3), 143–150. [PDF]
Commodore, R. W. & Cooper, E. B. (1978). Communicative stress and stuttering during normal, whispered, and articulation-without-phonation speech modes. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 3(1), 1–12. doi 10.1016/0094-730X(78)90002-5
Compton, R. J. (2003). The interface between emotion and attention: a review of evidence from psychology and neuroscience. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 2(2), 115–138. doi: 10.1177/1534582303255278
Conelea, C. A., Rice, K. A., & Woods, D. W. (2006). Regulated breathing as a treatment for stuttering: a review of the empirical evidence. Journal of Speech Language Pathology and Applied Behavior Analysis, 1(2), 94–102. doi: 10.1037/h0100191
Connally, E. L., Ward, D., Howell, P., & Watkins, K. E., (2014). Disrupted white matter in language and motor tracts in developmental stuttering. Brain and Language, 131, 25–35. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2013.05.013
Conrad, B. & Schönle, P. (1979). Speech and respiration. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 226(4), 251–268. doi: 10.1007/bf00342238
Conrad, R. (1971). The chronology of the development of covert speech in children. Developmental Psychology, 5(3), 398–405. doi: 10.1037/h0031595
Conture, E. G. (2001). Stuttering: its Nature, Diagnosis, and Treatmant. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Corbera, S., Corral, M.-J., Escera, C., & Idiazábal, M. A.(2005). Abnormal speech sound representation in persistent developmental stuttering. Neurobiology, 65(8), 1246–1252. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000180969.03719.81
Corley, M., Brocklehurst, P. H., & Moat, H. S. (2011). Error biases in inner and overt speech: evidence from tongue twisters. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition, 37(1), 162–175. doi: 10.1037/a0021321
Cough, P. M., Connally, E. L., Howell, P., Ward, D., Chesters, J., & Watkins, K. E. (2017). Planum temporale asymmetry in people who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 55, 94–105. 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.06.003
Cummine, J., Hanif. W,. Dymouriak-Tymashov, I., Anchuri, K., Chiu, S., & Boliek, C. A. (2017). The role of the supplementary motor region in overt reading: evidence for differential processing in SMA-proper and pre-SMA as a function of task demands. Brain Topography, 30(5), 579–591. doi: 10.1007/s10548-017-0553-3
Curlee, R. F. & Perkins, W. H. (1969). Conversational rate control for stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 34(3), 245–250. doi: 10.1044/jshd.3403.245
Cykowski, M. D., Fox, P. T., Ingham, R. J., Ingham, J. C., & Robin, D. A. (2010). A study of the reproducibility and etiology of diffusion anisotropy differences in developmental stuttering: a potential role for impaired myelination. NeuroImage, 52(4), 1495–1504. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.011
Daliri, A. & Max, L. (2018). Stuttering adults' lack of pre-speech auditory modulation normalizes when speaking with delayed auditory feedback. Cortex, 99, 55–68. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.10.019
Daliri, A. & Max, L. (2015a). Modulation of auditory processing during speech movement planning is limited in adults who stutter. Brain and Language, 143, 59–68. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.03.002
Daliri, A. & Max, L. (2015b). Electrophysiological evidence for a general auditory prediction deficit adults who stutter. Brain and Language, 150, 37–44. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.08.008
Daliri, A., Prokoenko, R. A., & Max, L. (2013). Afferent and efferent aspects of mandibular sensorimotor control in adults who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 56(6), 1774–1788. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0134)
Damasio, A. R, (1995), On some functions of the human prefrontal cortex. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 769, 241–252. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb38142.x
Damasio, A. (1994). Descartes' error. Emotion, reason, and the human brain. New York: Putnam.
Dayalu, V. N., Guntupalli, V. K., Kalinowski, J., Stuart, A., Saltuklaroglu, T., & Rastatter, M. P. (2011). Effect of continuous speech and non-speech signals on stuttering frequency in adults who stutter. Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 36(3), 121–127. doi: 10.3109/14015439.2011.562535
Dayalu, V. N., Saltuklaroglu, T., Kalinowski, J., Stuart, A., & Rastatter, M. P. (2001). Producing the vowel /a/ prior to speaking inhibits stuttering in adults in the English language. Neuroscience Letters, 303(1–2), 111–115. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01869-9
Demirel, B., Chesters, J., Connally, E. L., Gough. P. M., Ward, D., Howell, P., & Watkins, K. E. (2024). No evidence of altered language laterality in people who stutter across different brain imaging studies of speech and language. Brain Communication, 6(5), fcae305. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae305
De Nil, L. F., Beal, D. S., Lafaille, S. J., Kroll, R. M., Crawley, A. P., & Gracco, V. L. (2008). The effects of simulated stuttering and prolonged speech on the neural activation patterns of stuttering and nonstuttering adults. Brain and Language, 107, 114–123. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2008.07.003
De Nil, L. F., Kroll, R. M., Lafaille, S. J., & Houle, S. (2003). A positron emission tomography study of short- and long-term treatment effects on functional brain activation in adults who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28(4), 357–380. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2003.07.002
De Nil, L., & Bosshardt, H.-G. (2000). Studying stuttering from a neurological and cognitive information processing perspective. In H.-G. Bosshardt, J. S. Yaruss, & H. F. M. Peters (Eds.), Fluency disorders: Theory, research, treatment and self-help. Proceedings of the Third World Congress of Fluency Disorders in Nyborg, Denmark (pp. 53–58). Nijmegen: Nijmegen University Press.
Devaraju, D. S., Maruthy, S., & Kumar, A. U. (2020). Detection of gap and modulations: auditory temporal resolution deficits in adults who stutter. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 72(1), 13–21. doi: 10.1159/000499565
Diedrichsen, J., Hashambhoy, Y., Rane, T., & Shadmehr, R. (2005). Neural correlates of reach errors. Journal of Neuroscience, 25(43), 9919 – 9931. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.1874-05.2005
Dietrich, S., Barry, S. J., & Parker, D. E. (1995). Middle latency auditory responses in males who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 38(1), 5–17. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3801.05
Donaher, J., Healey, E. C., & Soffer, S. (2013). ADHD and stuttering. Information brochure. The Stuttering Foundation of America. see stutteringhelp.org/adhd-and-stuttering
Donaher, J. & Richels, C. (2012). Traits of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in school-age children who stutter.. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 37(4), 242–252. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.08.002
Doneva, S. P. (2919). Adult stuttering and attentional ability: A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Speech Language Pathology, 22(4), 444–453. doi: 10.1080/17549507.2019.1665710
Doneva, S., Davis, S., & Cavenagh, P. (2018). Comparing the performance of people who stutter and people who do not stutter on the Test of Everyday Attention. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 40(6), 544–558. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2017.1386162
Draganski, B., Gaser, C., Busch, V., Schuierer, G., Bogdahn, U., & May, A. (2004). Neuroplasticity changes in gray matter induced by training. Nature, 427(6972), 311–312. doi: 10.1038/427311a
Drayna, D., Kilshaw. J., & Kelly, J. (1999). The sex ratio in familial persistent stuttering. American Journal of Human Genetics, 65, 1473–1475. doi: 10.1086/302625
Driemeyer, J., Boyke, J., Gaser, C., Büchel, C., & May, A. (2008). Changes in gray matter induced by learning – revisited. PlosOne, 3(7), e2669. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002669
Duffau, H., Herbet, G., & Moritz-Gasser, S. (2013). Toward a pluri-component, multimodal, and dynamic organization of the ventral semantic stream in humans: lessons from stimulation mapping in awake patients. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 7, 44. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2013.00044
Edfeldt, A. W. (1960). Silent Speech and Silent Reading. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Eggers, K., & Jansson-Verkasalo, E. (2017). Auditory attentional set-shifting and inhibition in children who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 60(11), 3159–3170. doi: 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0096
Eggers, K., De Nil, L. F., & Van den Bergh, B. R. (2013). Inhibitory control in childhood stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 38(1), 311–313. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.10.001
Eggers, K., De Nil, L. F., & Van den Bergh, B. R. (2012). The efficiency of attentional networks in children who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, & Hearing Research, 55(3), 946–959. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2011/10-0208)
Egland, G. O. (1955). Repetitions and prolongations in the speech of stuttering and nonstuttering children. In W. Johnson & R. R. Leutenegger (Eds.) Stuttering in Children and Adults (pp. 181–188). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Eichorn, N., Hall, J., & Marton, K. (2023). Complex working memory in adults with and without stuttering disorders: Performance patterns and predictive relationships. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 77, 105993. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2023.105993
Engelkamp, J. & Rummer, R. (1999). The architecture of the mental lexicon. In Friederici, A. D. (Ed.), Language comprehension: A biological perspective (pp. 133–174). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Euler, H. A., Lange, B. P., Schroeder, S., & Neumann, K. (2014). The effectiveness of stuttering treatment in Germany. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 39, 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.01.002
Euler, H. A., Wolff von Gudenberg, A., Jung, & K., Neumann, K. (2009) Computergestützte Therapie bei Redeflussstörungen: Die langfristige Wirksamkeit der Kasseler Stottertherapie (KST). [Computer-assisted therapy for speech disfluency: The long-term effectiveness of the Kassel Stuttering Therapy (KST)]. Sprache Stimme Gehör, 33, 193–201.
Fairbanks, G. & Guttman, N. (1958). Effects of delayed auditory feedback upon articulation. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1(1), 12–22. doi: 10.1044/jshr.0101.12
Falk, S., Müller, T., & Dalla Balla, S. (2015). Non-verbal sensorimotor timing deficits in children and adolescents who stutter. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 847. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00847
Fengler, A., Meyer, L., & Friederici, A. D. (2016). How the brain attunes to sentence processing: Relating behavior, structure, and function. Neuroimage, 129, 268–278. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.012
Fengler, A., Meyer, L., & Friederici, A. D. (2015). Brain structural correlates of complex sentence comprehension in children. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 48–57. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.09.004
Fernyhough, C. (2004). Alien voices and inner dialogue: towards a developmental account of auditory verbal hallucinations. New Ideas in Psychology, 22(1), 49–68. doi: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2004.09.001
Ferneyhough, E., Kim, M. K., Phelps, E. A., & Carrasco, M. (2013). Anxiety modulates the effects of emotion and attention on early vision. Cognition and Emotion, 27(1), 166–176. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2012.689953
Fields, R. D. (2010). Change in the brain’s white matter. Science, 330(6005), 768 –769. doi: 10.1126/science.1199139
Fiorin, M., Marconato, E., Palharini, T. A., Picoloto, L. A., Frizzo, A. C. F., Cardoso, A. C. V., & Oliveira, C. M. C. (2021). Impact of auditory feedback alterations in individuals with stuttering. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 87(3), 247–254. doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.08.005
Flavell, H. J., Green, F. L., Flavell, E. R., & Grossman, J. B. (1997). The development of children's knowledge about inner speech. Child Development, 68(1), 39–47. PMID: 9084123
Foundas, A. L., Mock, J. R., Corey, D. M., Golob, E. J., & Conture, E. G. (2013). The SpeechEasy device in stuttering and nonstuttering adults: Fluency effects while speaking and reading. Brain and Language, 126(2), 141–150. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2013.04.004
Foundas, A. L., Bollich, A. M., Feldman, J., Corey, D. M., Huxley, M., Lemen, L. C. & Heilman, K. M. (2004a). Aberrant auditory processing and atypical planum temporale in developmental stuttering. Neurology, 63(9), 1640–1646. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000142993.33158.2a
Foundas, A. L., Corey, D. M., Hurley, M. M., & Heilmann, K. M. (2004b). Verbal dichotic listening in developmental stuttering: Subgroups with atypical auditory processing. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 17(4), 224–232. PMID: 15622019
Foundas, A. L., Bollich, A. M., Corey, D. M., Hurley, M., & Heilman, K. M. (2001). Anomalous anatomy of speech-language areas in adults with persistent developmental stuttering. Neurology, 57(2), 207–215. doi: 10.1212/wnl.57.2.207
Fox, P. T., Ingham, R. J., Ingham, J. C., Zamarrina, F., Xiong, J. H., & Lancaster, L. J. (2000). Brain correlates of stuttering and syllable production: a PET performance-correlation analysis. Brain, 123(Pt 109, 1985–2004. doi: 10.1093/brain/123.10.1985
Fox, P. T., Ingham, R. J., Ingham, J. C., Hirsch, T. B., Downs, J. H., Martin, C. et al. (1996). A PET study of the neural systems of stuttering. Nature, 382(6587), 158–162. doi: 10.1038/382158a0
Fransella, F. (1967). Rhythm as a distractor in the modification of stuttering. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 5(3), 253–255. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(67)90042-3
Fransella, F. & Beech, H. R. (1965). An experimental analysis of the effect of rhythm on the speech of stutterers. Bahavior Research and Therapy, 3(3), 195–201. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(65)90005-7
Frey, S., Campbell, J. S. W., Pike, G. B., & Petrides, M. (2008). Dissociating the human language pathways with high angular resolution diffusion fiber tractography. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28(45), 11435–11444. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.2388-08.2008
Friederici, A. D. (2012). The cortical language cirquit: from auditory perception to language comprehension. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(5), 262–268. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.04.001
Friederici, A. D. (1999). The neurobiology of language comprehension. In A. D. Friederici (Ed.), Language comprehension: a biological perspective. (2nd ed.; pp. 265–292). Berlin: Springer.
Ganushchak L. Y. & Schiller N. O. (2008). Motivation and semantic context affect brain error-monitoring activity: an event-related brain potentials study. Neuroimage 39(1), 395–405. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.09.001
Garber, S. F. & Martin, R. R. (1977). Effects of noise and increased vocal intensity on stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 20(2), 233–240. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2002.233
Garber, S. F. & Martin, R. R. (1974). The effects of white noise on the frequency of stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research. 17(1), 73–79. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1701.73
Garcia-Barrera, M. A. & Davidow, J. H. (2015). Anticipation in stuttering: A theoretical model of the nature of stutter prediction. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 44, 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2015.03.002
Giraud, A. L., Neumann, K., Bachoud-Levi, A. C., von Gudenberg, A. W., Euler, H. A., Lanfermann, .H, & Preibisch, C. (2008). Severity of dysfluency correlates with basal ganglia activity in persistent developmental stuttering. Brain and Language, 104(2), 190–199. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2007.04.005
Glover, H., Kalinowski, J., Rastatter, M., & Stuart, A. (1996). Effect of instruction to sing on stuttering frequency at normal and fast rates. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 83(2), 511–522. doi: 10.2466/pms.1996.83.2.511
Goldberg, G. (1985). Supplementary motor area structure and function: Review and hypotheses. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 8(4), 567–616. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X00045167
Grafton, S. T., Schmitt, P,. Van Horn, J., & Diedrichsen, J. (2008). Neural substrates of visuomotor learning based on improved feedback control and prediction. Neuroimage, 39(3), 1383–1395. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.09.062
Greiner, J., Fitzgerald, H., & Cooke, P. (1986). Speech fluency and hand performance on a sequential tapping task in left- and right-handed stutterers and nonstutterers. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 11(1), 55–69. doi: 10.1016/0094-730X(86)90004-5
Griffiths, J. D., Marslen-Wilson, W. D., Stamatakis, E. A., & Tyler, L. K. (2013). Functional organization of the neural language system: dorsal and ventral pathways are critical for syntax. Cerebral Cortex. 23(1), 139–147. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhr386
Griggs, S. & Still, A. W. (1979). An analysis of individual differences in words stuttered. Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 22(3), 572–580. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2203.572
Guenther, F. H. (2006). Cortical interactions underlying the production of speech sounds. Journal of Communication Disorders, 39(5), 350–365. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.06.013
Hahn, E. F. (1942). A study of the relationship between stuttering occurrence and phonetic factors in oral reading. Journal of Speech Disorders, 7(4), 143–151. doi: 10.1044/jshd.0704.329
Halag-Milo, T., Stoppelman, N,, Kronfeld-Duenias, V., Civier, O., Amir, O., Ezrati-Vinacour, R., & Ben-Shachar, M. (2016). Beyond production: Brain responses during speech perception in adults who stutter. NeuroImage: Clinical, 11, 328–338. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.02.017
Hall, J. W. & Jerger, J. (1978). Central auditory function in stutterers. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 21(2), 324–337. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2102.324">
Halle, M., & Stevens, K. N. (1959). Analysis by synthesis. In W. Wathen-Dunn & L. E. Woods (Eds.), Proceedings of the seminar on speech compression and processing. USAF Cambridge Research Center. 2: Paper D7.
Hallett, M. & Grafman, J. (1997). Executive function and motor skill learning. In J. D. Schmahmann (Ed.), The cerebellum and cognition (pp. 297–323). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Ham, R. & Steer, M. D. (1967). Certain effects of alterations in auditory feedback. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica. 19(1), 53–62. doi: 10.1159/000263123
Hamilton, L. S., Levitt, J. G., O'Neill, J., Alger, J. R., Luders, E., Phillips, O. R., Caplan, R., Toga, A. W., McCracken, J., & Narr, K. L. (2008). Reduced white matter integrity in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. NeuroReport, 19(17), 1705–1708. doi: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e3283174415
Hampton, A. & Weber-Fox, C. (2009). Non-linguistic auditory processing in stuttering: Evidence from behavior and event-related brain potentials. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 33 (4), 253–273. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2008.08.001
Hanna, R. & Morris, S. (1977). Stuttering, speech rate, and the metronome effect. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 44(2), 452–454. doi: 10.2466/pms.1977.44.2.452
Hannah, E. P. & Gardner, J. G. (1968). A note on syntactic relationships in nonfluency. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 11(4), 853–860. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1104.853
Hargrave, S., Kalinowski, J., Stuart, A., Armson, J., & Jones, K. (1994). Effect of frequency-altered feedback on stutterers' fluency at two speech rates. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 37(6), 113–119. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3706.1313
Harris, R. (1955). The effect of amplification of the stutterer’s voice on the frequency of stuttering. Unpublished M. A. Thesis. Brooklyn College.
Hashimoto, Y. & Sakai, K. L. (2003). Brain activations during conscious self-monitoring of speech production with delayed auditory feedback: an fMRI study. Human Brain Mapping, 20(1), 22–28. doi: 10.1002/hbm.10119
Hausdörfer, O. (1933). Durch Nacht zum Licht. Des Stotterers bester Freund. [From night to light. The stutterer's best friend[ Breslau: Korn. (Reprint 1989: Köln: Demosthenes)
Hayden, P. A., Scott, D. A., & Addicott, J. (1977). The effects of delayed auditory feedback on the overt behaviors of stutterers. Journal of Fluency Disodres, 2(3), 235–246. doi: 10.1016/0094-730X(77)90027-4
Healey, E. C. & Reid, R. (2003). ADHD and stuttering: a tutorial. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28(2), 79–93. doi: 10.1016/s0094-730x(03)00021-4
Healey, E. C., Mallard, A. R., & Adams, M. R. (1976). Factors contributing to the reduction of stuttering during singing. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 19(3), 475–480. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1903.475
Heina, R. F. (1955). A study of the loci of stuttering in spontaneous speech. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Northwestern University.
Hesse, T. (2923). Developmental stuttering may be caused by insufficient processing of auditory feedback. Medical Hypotheses, 180, 111166. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111166
Hickok, G., Houde, J., & Rong, F. (2011). Sensorimotor integration in speech processing: computational basis and neural organization. Neuron, 60(3), 407–422. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.01.019
Hickok, G. & Poeppel, D. (2007). The cortical organization of speech processing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(5), 393–402. doi: 10.1038/nrn2113
Hickok, G, & Poeppel, D. (2004). Dorsal and ventral streams: a framework for understanding aspects of the functional anatomy of language. Cognition 92(1–2), 67–99. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2003.10.011
Hilger, A. L., Zelaznik, H., & Smith, A. (2016). Evidence that bimanual motor timing performance is not a significant factor in developmental stuttering. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 59(4), 674–685. doi: 10.1044/2016_JSLHR-S-15-0172
Howell, P. (2007). The effects of gated speech on the fluency of speakers who stutter. Folia Phonrica et Logopaedica, 59(5), 250–5. doi: 10.1159/000104463
Howell, P. (2004). Effects of delayed auditory feedback and frequency-shifted feedback on speech control and some potentials for future development of prosthetic aids for stammering. Stammering Research, 1(1), 31–46. PMCID: 2231594
Howell, P. & Davis, S. (2011). Predicting persistence of and recovery from stuttering by the teenage years based on information gathered at age 8 years. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 32(3), 196–205. doi: 10.1097/dbp.0b013e31820fd4a9
Howell, P. Davis, S., & Williams, S. M. (2006). Auditory abilities of speakers who persisted, or recovered, from stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 31(4), 257–270. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2006.07.001
Howell, P. & Williams, S. M. (2004). Development of auditory sensitivity in children who stutter and fluent children. Ear and Hearing, 25(3), 265–274. doi: 10.1097/01.aud.0000130798.50938.eb
Howell, P., Rosen, S., Hannigan, G., & Rustin, L. (2000). Auditory backward-masking performance by children who stutter and its relation to dysfluency rate. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 90(2), 355–363. doi: 10.2466/pms.2000.90.2.355
Howell, P., Sackin, S., & Williams, R. (1999). Differential effects of frequency-shifted feedback between child and adult stutterers. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 24(2), 127–136. doi: 10.1016/s0094-730x(98)00021-7
Howell, P. & Au-Yeung, J. (1995). Syntactic determinants of stuttering in the spontaneous speech of normally fluent and stuttering children. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 20(4), 317–330. doi: 10.1016/0094-730X(94)00012-I
Howell, P., & El-Yaniv (1987). The effects of presenting a click in syllable-initial position on the speech of stutterers. Comparison with a metronome click. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 12(4), 249–256. doi: 10.1016/0094-730X(87)90003-9
Howell, P., El-Yaniv, N., & Powell, D. J. (1987). Factors affecting fluency in stutterers when speaking under altered auditory feedback. In H. Peters & W. Hulstijn (Eds.), Speech motor dynamics in stuttering (pp 361–369). Vienna: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6969-8_28
Howell, P., Marchbanks, R. J., & El-Yaniv, N. (1986). Middle ear muscle activity during vocalization in normal speakers and stutterers. Acta Oto-Laryngologica ,102(5-6), 396-402. doi: 10.3109/00016488609119423
Hudock, D. J. (2012). Inhibition of stuttering from second speech signals: an evaluation of temporal and hierarchical aspects. Dissertation, East Carolina University, NC. [PDF]
Hudock, D. J., Altieri, N., Sun, L., Bowers, A., Kell, C., & Kalinowski, J. (2015). The effect of single syllable silent reading and pantomime speech in varied syllable positions on stuttering frequency throughout utterance productions. Speech Communication, 75, 76–83. doi: 10.1016/j.specom.2015.09.012
Hudock, D. J., Dayalu, V. N., Saltuklaroglu, T., Stuart, A., Zhang, J., & Kalinowski, J. (2011). Stuttering inhibition via visual feedback at normal and fast speech rates. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 46(2), 169–178. doi: 10.3109/13682822.2010.490574
Hugdahl, K., Thomsen, T., Ersland, L., Rimol, L. M., & Niemi, J. (2003). The effects of attention on speech perception: an fMRI study. Brain and Language., 85(1), 37–48. doi: 10.1016/s0093-934x(02)00500-x
Hurlburt, R. T., Heavey, C. L., & Kelsey, J. M. (2013). Toward a phenomenology of inner speaking. Consciousness and Cognition, 22(4), 1477–1494. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2013.10.003
Indefrey, P. (2011). The spatial and temporal signatures of word production components: a critical update. Frontiers of Psychology, 2, 255. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00255
Indefrey, P. & Levelt, W. J. M. (2004). The spatial and temporal signatures of word production components. Cognition 92(1–2), 101–144. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2002.06.001
Ingham, R. J. (2001). Brain imaging studies of developmental stuttering. Journal of Communication Disorders, 34(6), 493–516. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9924(01)00061-2
Ingham, R. J., Ingham, J. C., Bothe, A. K., Wang, Y., & Kilgo, M. (2015). Efficacy of the modifying phonation intervals (MPI) stuttering treatment program with adults who stutter. American Journal of Speech Language Pathology, 24(2), 256–272. doi: 10.1044/2015_ajslp-14-0076
Ingham, R. J., Wang, Y., Ingham, J. .C, Bothe, A. K., & Grafton, S. T. (2013). Regional brain activity change predicts responsiveness to treatment for stuttering in adults. Brain and Language, 127(3), 510–519. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2013.10.007
Ingham, R. J., Fox, P. T., Ingham, J. C., Xiong, J., Zamarrina, F., Hardies, L. J., & Lancaster, J. L. (2004). Brain corellates of stuttering and syllable production: gender comparison and replication. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research., 47(2), 321–341. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/026)
Ingham, R. J., Ingham, J. C., Finn, P., & Fox, P. T. (2003). Towards a functional neural systems model of developmental stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28(4), 297–318. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2003.07.004
Ingham, R. J., Kilgo, M., Ingham, J. C., Moglia, R., Belknap, H., & Sanchez, T. (2001). Evaluation of a stuttering treatment based on reductionof short phonation intervals. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44(6), 1229–1244. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/096)
Ingham, R. J., Fox, P. T., Ingham, J. C., & Zamarripa, F. (2000). Is overt stuttered speech a prerequisite for the neural activations associated with chronic developmental stuttering? Brain and Language, 75(2), 163–194. doi: 10.1006/brln.2000.2351
Ingham, R. J., Moglia, R. A., Frank, P., Ingham, J. C., & Cordes, A. K. (1997). Experimental investigation of the effects of frequency-altered auditory feedback on the speech of adults who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40(2), 361–372. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4002.361
Ingham, R. J. & Packmanm, A. (1979). A further evaluation of the speech of stutterers during chorus- and nonchorus-reading conditions. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 22(4), 784–793. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2204.784
Ingham, R. J. & Carroll, P. J. (1977). Listener judgement of differences in stutterers' nonstuttered speech during chorus- and nonchorus-reading conditions. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 20(2), 293–302. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2002.293
Ingham, R. J., Martin, R. R., & Kuhl, P. (1974). Modification and control of rate of speaking by stutterers. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 17(3), 189–196. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1703.489
Jäncke. L. (1991). The ‘audio-phonatoric coupling’ in stuttering and nonstuttering adults: experimental contributions. In H. F. M. Peters, W. Hulstijn, & C. W. Starkweather (Eds.), Speech motor control and stuttering (pp. 171–180). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Jäncke, L. (1989). Die Bedeutung der auditiven Rückmeldung des eigenen Sprechens für die Kontrolle der Phonationsdauer [The role of auditory feedback of one’s own speech in the control of the duration of phonation]. Dissertation, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf.
Jäncke, L. Hänggi, J., & Steinmetz, H. (2004). Morphological brain differences between adult stutterers and non-stutterers. BMC Neurology, 4(1), 23, doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-4-23
Jäncke, L., Mirzazade, S., & Shah, N. J. (1999). Attention modulates activity in the primary and the secondary auditory cortex: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in human subjects. Neuroscience Letters, 266(2), 125–128. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00288-8
Jansson-Verkasalo, E., Eggers, K., Järvenpää, A., Van den Bergh, B., De Nil, L., & Kujala, T. (2014). Atypical central auditory speech-sound discrimination in children who stutter as indexed by the mismatch negativity. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 41, 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.07.001
Jansson-Verkasalo, E., Eggers, K., Aro, K., De Nil, L. F., & Van den Bergh, B. R. (2012). Auditory attention shifting in children who stutter. European Symposium on Fluency Disorders, Poster (PDF)
Jiang, J., Lu, C., Peng, D., Zhu, C., & Howell, P. (2012). Classification of types of stuttering symptoms based on brain activity. PLoS ONE, 7(6), e39747. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039747
Johnson , W., & associates (1959). The Onset of Stuttering: Research Findings and Implications. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
Johnson, W. & Knott, J. R. (1937). Studies in the psychology of stuttering: I. The distribution of stuttering in successive readings of the same material. Journal of Speech Disorders, 2(1), 17–19. doi: 10.1044/jshd.0201.17
Johnson W, & Rosen L. (1937). Effects of certain changes in speech patterns upon the frequency of stuttering. Journal of Speech Disorders, 2(2), 101–104. doi: 10.1044/jshd.0202.105
Johnson, W. & Knott, J. R. (1936). The moment of stuttering. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 48, 475–179. doi: 10.1080/08856559.1936.10533741
Johnson, W. & Brown, S. (1935). Stuttering in relation to various speech sounds. Quaterly Journal of Speech, 21, 481–496. doi: 10.1080/00335633509380139
Juste, F. S. & Andrade, C. R. F. (2017). Speech fluency profile on different tasks for individuals with Parkinson's disease. Codas, 20(4), e20160130. doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20172016130
Juste, F. S., Rondon, S., Sassi, F. C., Ritto, A. P., Colatto, C. A., & Andrade, C. R. (2012). Acoustic analyses of diadochokinesis in fluent and stuttering children. Clinics (São Paulo), 67(5), 409–414. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2012(05)01
Kaganovich, N., Hampton Wray, A., & Weber-Fox, C. (2010). Non-linguistic auditory processing and working memory update in pre-school children who stutter: an electrophysiological study. Developmental Neuropsychology, 35(6), 712–736. doi: 10.1080/87565641.2010.508549
Kalinowski, J. & Saltuklaroglu, T. (2003a). Speaking with a mirror: engagement of mirror neurons via choral speech and its derivatives induces stuttering inhibition. Medical Hypotheses, 60(4), 538–543. doi: 10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00004-5
Kalinowski, J., & Saltuklaroglu, T. (2003b). Choral speech: the amelioration of stuttering via imitation and the mirror neuronal system. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Review, 27(4), 339-347. doi: 10.1016/S0149-7634(03)00063-0
Kalinowski, J. & Dayalu, V. N. (2002). A common element in the immediate inducement of effortless, natural-sounding, fluent speech in people who stutter: ‘the second speech signal’. Medical Hypotheses, 58(1), 61–66. doi: 10.1054/mehy.2001.1451
Kalinowski, J., Stuart, A., Rastatter, M. P., Snyder, G., & Dayalu, V. (2000). Inducement of fluent speech in persons who stutter via visual choral speech. Neuroscience Letters, 281(2–3), 198–200. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)00850-8
Kalinowski, J., Stuart, A., Wamsley, L., & Rastatter, M. P. (1999). Effects of monitoring condition and frequency-altered feedback on stuttering frequency. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 42(6), 1347–1354. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4206.1347
Kalinowski, J., Stuart, A., Sark, S., & Armson, J. (1996). Stuttering amelioration at various auditory feedback delays and speech rates. European Journal of Disorders in Communication, 31(3), 259–269. doi: 10.3109/13682829609033157
Kalinowski, J., Armson, J., & Stuart, A. (1995). Effect of normal and fast articulatory rates on stuttering frequency. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 20(3), 293–302. doi: 10.1016/0094-730X(94)00010-Q
Kalinowski, J., Armstrong, J., Stuart, A., Roland-Mieszkowski, M., & Gracco, V. (1993). Effects of alterations in auditory feedback and speech rate on stuttering frequency. Language and Speech, 36(Pt 1), 1–16. doi: 10.1177/002383099303600101
Kalveram, K. T. (2001). Neurobiology of speaking and stuttering. In H. G. Bosshardt. J. S. Yaruss & H. F. M. Peters (Eds.), Fluency Disorders: Theory, Research, Treatment and Self-help. (pp. 59–65) Nijmegen: Nijmegen University Press.
Kalveram, K. T. (1983). Die Auswirkungen von vorzeitiger und verzögerter auditiver Rückmeldung auf die Sprechflußkennwerte ‘on-time’ (Phonationsdauer) und ‘voice-onset-time’ [Effect of premature and delayed auditory feedback on the characteristic values of speech flow ‘on time’ (duration of phonation) and ‘voice-onset-time’]. Sprache – Stimme - Gehör 7, 115–117.
Kalveram, K. T. & Natke, U. (1998). “Audiophonatory coupling” links stuttering to linguistic and motor factors in speech production. Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Fluency Disorders. The International Fluency Association, 29–35.
Kalveram, K. T. & Jäncke, L. (1989). Vowel duration and voice onset time for stressed and nonstressed syllables in stutterers under delayed auditory feedback condition. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 41(1), 30–42. doi: 10.1159/000265930
Karrass, J., Walden, T. A., Conture, E. G., Graham, C. G., Arnold, H. S., Hartfield, K. N., & Schwenk, K. A. (2006). Relation of emotional reactivity and regulation to childhood stuttering. Journal of Communication Disorders, 39, 402–423. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2005.12.004
Kelham, R. & McHale, A. (1966). The application of learning theory to the treatment of stuttering. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 1(2), 114–118. doi: 10.3109/13682826609011428
Kell, C. A., Neumann, K., Behrens, M., von Gudenberg, A. W., Giraud, A. L. (2018). Speaking-related changes in cortical functional connectivity associated with assisted and spontaneous recovery from developmental stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 55, 135–144. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.02.001
Kell, C. A., Darquea, M., Behrens, M., Cordani, L., Keller, C., & Fuchs, S. (2017). Phonetic detail and lateralization of reading-related inner speech and of auditory and somatosensory feedback processing during overt reading. Human Brain Mapping, 38(1), 493–508. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23398
Keller, T. A. & Just, M. A. (2009). Altering cortical connectivity: remediation-induced changes in the white matter of poor readers. Neuron, 64(5), 624–631. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.10.018
Kelly, C., Uddin, L. Q., Shehzad, Z., Margulies, D. S., Castellanos, F. X., Milham, M. P., & Petrides, M. (2010). Broca's region: linking human brain functional connectivity data and non-human primate tracing anatomy studies. European Journal of Neuroscience, 32(3), 383–398. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07279.x
Kent, R. (1984). Stuttering as a temporal programming disorder. In R.F. Curlee & W.H. Perkins (Eds.), Nature and treatment of Stuttering: New Directions (pp. 283–301). San Diego: College Hill Press.
Kern, A. (1932). Der Einfluß des Hörens auf das Stottern [The influence of hearing on stuttering]. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkunde, 97, 429–450.
Khedr, E., El-Nasser, W. A., Abdel Haleem, E. K., Bakr, M. S., & Trakhan, M. N. (2000). Evoked potentials and electroencephalography in stuttering. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 52(4), 178–186. doi: 10.1159/000021532
Kiefte, M. & Armson, J. (2008). Dissecting choral speech: properties of the accompanist critical to stuttering reduction. Journal of Communication Disorders, 41(1), 33–48. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2007.03.002
Kikuchi, Y., Okamoto, T., Ogata, K., Hagiwara, K., Umezaki, T., Kenjo, M., Nakagawa, T., & Tobimatsu, S. (2017). Abnormal auditory synchronization in stuttering: A magnetoencephalographic study. Hearing Research, 344, 82–89. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.10.027
Kikuchi, Y., Ogata, K., Umesaki, T., Yoshiura, T., Kenjo, M., Hirano, Y., et al. (2011). Spatiotemporal signatures of an abnormal auditory system in stuttering. Neuroimage, 55(3), 891–899. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.12.083
Kittilstved, T., Reilly, K. J., Harkrider, A. W., Casenhiser, D., Thornton, D., Jenson, D. E., et al. (2018). The effects of fluency enhancing conditions on sensorimotor control of speech in typically fluent speakers: an EEG mu rhythm study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12, 126. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00126
Kinsbourne, M. (1970). The cerebral basis of lateral asymmetries in attention. Acta Psychologica (Amsterdam), 33, 193–201. doi: 10.1016/0001-6918(70)90132-0
Klingberg, T. (2006). Development of a superior frontal-intraparietal network for visuo-spatial working memory. Neuropsychologia, 44(11), 2171–2177. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.11.019
Knott, J. R., Johnson, W., & Webster, M. J. (1937). Studies on the psychology of stuttering: II A quantitative evaluation of expectation of stuttering in relation to the occurance of stuttering. Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 2(1), 20–22. doi: 10.1044/jshd.0201.20
Knott, J. R. & Johnson, W. (1936). The factor of attention in relation to the moment of stuttering. The Journal of Genetic Psychology., 48, 479–480. doi: 10.1080/08856559.1936.10533742
Kohler, E., Keysers, C., Umiltà, M. A., Fogassi, L.., Gallese, V., & Rizzolatti, G. (2002). Hearing sounds, understanding actions: action representation in mirror neurons. Science, 297(5582), 846–848, doi: 10.1126/science.1070311
Kondas, O. (1967). The treatment of stammering in children by the shadowing method. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 5(4), 325–329. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(67)90023-X
Koopmans, M., Slis, I., & Rietveld, T. (1991). The influence of word position and word type on the indicence of stuttering. In Peters, H. F. M., Hulstijn. W., Starkweather, C. W. (Eds.), Speech Motor Control and Stuttering (pp. 333–40), Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
Koster, E. H., Crombez, G., Van Damme, S., Verschuere, B., & De Houwer, J. (2004), Does imminent threat capture and hold attention? Emotion, 4(3), 312–317. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.4.3.312
Kraft, S. J. & Yairi, E. (2012). Genetic bases of stuttering: the state of art 2011. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedia, 64(1), 34–47. doi: 10.1159/000331073
Kramer, M. B., Green, D., & Guitar, B. (1987). A comparison of stutterers and nonstutterers on masking level differences and synthetic sentence identification tasks. Journal of Communication Disorders, 20(5), 379–390. doi: 10.1016/0021-9924(87)90026-8
Kreidler, K., Hampton Wray, A., Usler, E., & Weber, C. (2017). Neural indices of semantic processing in early childhood distinguish eventual stuttering persistence and recovery. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 60(11), 3118–3134. doi: 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-17-0081
Kronfeld-Duenias, V., Amir, O., Ezrati-Vinacour, R., Civier, O., Ben-Shachar, M, (2016). Dorsal and ventral language pathways in persistent developmental stuttering. Cortex, 81, 79–92. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.04.001
Kurz, M., Hummer, M., Oberbauer, H., & Fleischhacker, W. W. (1995). Extrapyramidal side effects of clozapine and haloperidol. Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 118(1), 52–56. doi: 10.1007/bf02245249
Kuvazeva, M. G. (2013). Splenium of corpus callosum: patterns of interhemispheric interaction in children and adults. Neural Plasticity, 2013, 639430. doi: 10.1155/2013/639430
Lackner, J. R. & Tuller, B. H. (1979). Role of efference monitoring in the detection of self-produced speech errors. In W. E. Cooper & E. C. T. Walker (Eds.), Sentence processing: Psycholinguistic studies presented to Merill Garret. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Lanyon, R. I. (1969). Speech: Relation of nonfluency and information value. Science, 164(3878), 451–452. doi: 10.1126/science.164.3878.451
Lashley, K. S. (1951). The problem of serial order in behavior. In L. A. Jeffress (Ed.). Cerebral mechanisms in behavior (pp. 112–146). New York: Wiley.
Langová, J., & Sváb, L. (1973). Reduction of stuttering under experimental social isolation: The role of adaptation effect. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 25(1), 17–22. doi: 10.1159/000263667
Langová, J., Morávek, M., Novák, A., & Petřík, M. (1970). Experimental interference wuth auditory feedback. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 22(3), 191–196. doi: 10.1159/000263396
Lau, E., Phillips, C., & Poeppel, D. (2008). A cortical network for semantics: (de)constructing the N400. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9(12), 920–933. doi: 10.1038/nrn2532
Layer. J. D. M. (1973). The detection and correction of slips of the tongue. In: V. A. Fromkin (Ed.). Speech errors as linguistic evidence (pp. 132-143). The Hague: Mouton.
Lazzari, G., van de Vorst, R., van Vugt, F. T., & Lega, C.. (2024). Subtle patterns of altered responsiveness to delayed auditory feedback during finger tapping in people who stutter. Brain Sciences,14(5), 472. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14050472
Lee, B. (1951). Artificial stutter. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 16(1), 53–55. doi: 10.1044/jshd.1601.53
Lee, B. S. (1950). Some effects of sidetone delay. The Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 22(5), 637–640. doi: 10.1121/1.1906665
Levelt, W. J. M. (1999). Models of word production. Trends in Cognitive Science, 3(6), 223–232. doi: 10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01319-4
Levelt, W. J. M. (1995). Speaking. From Intention to Articulation (4th ed.). Cambridge: MIT Press, (Chapter 12).
Levelt, W. J. M. (1983). Monitoring and self-repair in speech. Cognition, 14(1) 41–104. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90026-4
Lincoln, M., Packman, A., Onslow, M., & Jones, M. (2010). An experimental investigation of the effect of altered auditory feedback on the conversational speech of adults who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53(5), 1122–1131. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/07-0266)
Lincoln, M., Packman, A., & Onslow, M. (2006). Altered auditory feedback and the treatment of stuttering: a review. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 31(2), 71–89. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2006.04.001
Lind, A., Hall, L., Breidegard, B., Balkenius, C., & Johansson, P. (2014). Speakers’ acceptance of real-time speech exchange indicates that we use auditory feedback to specify the meaning of what we say. Psychological Science, 25(6), 1198–1205. doi: 10.1177/0956797614529797
Liotti, M., Ingham, J. C., Takai, O., Paskos, D. K., Perez, R., & Ingham, R. J. (2010). Spatiotemporal dynamics of speech sound perception in chronic developmental stuttering. Brain and Language, 115(2), 141–147. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2010.07.007
Locke, J. L. (1970). Subvocal speech and speech. Asha, 12(1), 7–14. PMID: 5414531, [PDF]
Lotzmann, G. (1961). Zur Anwendung variierter Verzögerungszeiten bei Balbuties [On the application of varied delay times in stuttering]. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 13(4), 276–312. doi: 10.1159/000262924
Loucks, T., Chon, H., & Han, W. (2012). Audiovocal integration in adults who stutter. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders., 47(4), 451–456. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00111.x
Lu, C., Long, Y., Zheng, L., Shi, G., Liu, L., Ding, G., & Howell, P. (2016). Relationship between speech production and perception in people who stutter. Frontiers of Human Neuroscience, 10, 224. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00224
Lu, C., Chen, C., Peng, D., You, W., Zhang, X., Ding, G., Deng, X., Yan, Q., & Howell, P. (2012). Neural anomaly and reorganization in speakers who stutter: a short-term intervention study. Neurology, 79(7), 625–632. doi: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31826356d2
Lu, C., Peng, D., Chen, C., Ning, N., Ding, G., Li, K., Yang, Y., & Lin, C. (2010). Altered effective connectivity and anomalous anatomy in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit of stuttering speakers. Cortex, 46(1), 49–67. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2009.02.017
Lu, C., Ning, N., Peng, D., Ding, G., Li, K., Yang, Y.,& Lin, C. (2009). The role of large-scale neural interactions for developmental stuttering. Neuroscience, 161(4), 1008–1026. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.04.020
Lundgren, K., Helm-Estabrooks, N., & Klein, R. (2010). Stuttering following acquired brain damage: a review of the literature. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 23(5), 447–454. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2009.08.008
MacCulloch, M. J. & Eaton, R. (1971). A note on reduced auditory pain threshold in 44 stuttering children. International Journal of Language & Communication Disordorders, 6(2), 148–153. doi: 10.3109/13682827109011541
MacGregor, L. J., Pulvermüller, F., van Gasteren, M., & Styrov, Y. (2012). Ultra-rapid access to words in the brain. Nature Communications, 3, 711. doi: 1038/ncomms1715
MacLaren, J. (1960), The treatment of stammering by the Cherry-Sayers-Method. Clinical impressions. In: Eysenck, H. J.(Ed,), Behaviour therapy and the neuroses, pp. 457–460. Oxford: Pergamon.
MacLeod, J. Kalinowski, J., Stuart, A., & Armson, J. (1995). Effect of single and combined altered auditory feedback on stuttering frequency at two speech rates. Journal of Communication Disorders, 28(3), 217–228. doi: 10.1016/0021-9924(94)00010-w
Mädler, B., Drabycz, S. A., Kolind, S.H., Whittall. K. P., & MacKay, A. L. (2008). Is diffusion anisotropy an accurate monitor of myelination? Correlation of multicomponent T2 relaxation and diffusion tensor anisotropy in human brain. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 26(7), 874–888. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2008.01.047
Makris, N., Kennedy, D. N., McInerney, S., Sorensen, A. G., Wang, R., & Caviness Jr, V. S. (2005). Segmentation of subcomponents within the superior longitudinal fascicle in humans: a quantitative, in vivo, DT-MRI study. Cerebral Cortex, 15(6), 854–869. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhh186
Manfra. L., Tyler, S., & Winsler, A. (2016). Speech monitoring and repairs in preschool children’s social and private speech. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 37, 94–105. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.04.004
Maraist, J. A. & Hutton, C. (1957). Effects of auditory masking upon the speech of stutterers. Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 22(3), 385–389. doi: 10.1044/jshd.2203.385
Markett, S., Bleek, B., Reuter, M., Prüss, H., Richardt, K., Müller, T., Yaruss, J. S., & Montag, C. (2016). Impaired motor inhibition in adults who stutter – evidence from speech-free stop-signal reaction time tasks. Neuropsychologia, 91, 444–450. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.09.008
Markevych, V., Asbjørnsen, A. E., Lind, O., Plante, E., & Cone, B. (2011). Dichotic listening and otoacoustic emissions: shared variance between cochlear function and dichotic listening performance in adults with normal hearing. Brain and Cognition, 76(2), 332–339. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.02.004
Markowitsch, H. J. (1999). Gedächtnisstörungen [Disturbances of Memory]. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.
Marland, P. M. (1957). Shadowing: A contribution to the treatment of stammering. Folia Phoniatrica & Logopaedica, 9(4), 242–245. doi: 10.1159/000262784
Martin, R. R. & Haroldson, S. K. (1988). An experimental increase in stuttering frequency. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 31(2), 372–374. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3102.272
Martin, R. R., Siegel, G. M., Johnson, L. J., & Haroldson, S. K. (1984). Sidetone amplification, noise, and stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 27(4), 518–527. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2704.518
Martin, R. R. & Haroldson, S. K. (1979). Effects of five experimental treatments of stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 22(1), 132–146. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2201.132
Martin, R. R. & Siegel, G. M. (1966). The effects of response contingent shock on stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 9(3), 340–352. doi: 10.1044/jshr.0903.340
Martin, S., Brunner, P., Holdgraf, C., Heinze, H. J., Crone, N. E., Rieger, J., Schalk, G., Knight, R. T., & Pasley, B. N. (2014). Decoding spectrotemporal features of overt and covert speech from the human cortex. Frontiers of Neuroengineering, 7, article 14. doi: 10.3389/fneng.2014.00014
Max, L. & Daliri, A. (2019). Limited pre-speech auditory modulation in individuals who stutter: data and hypotheses. Journal of Speech. Language, and Hearing Research, 62(8S), 3071–3084. doi: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-csmc7-18-0358
Max, L., Guenther, F. H., Gracco, V. L., Ghosh, S. S., & Wallace, M. E. (2004). Unstable or insufficiently activated internal models and feedback-biased motor control as sources of dysfluency: A theoretical model of stuttering. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders, 31(1), 105–122. doi: 10.1044/CICSD_31_S_105
Max, L. & Yudman, E. M. (2003). Accuracy and variability of isochronous rhythmic timing across motor systems in stuttering versus nonstuttering individuals. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 46(1), 146–163. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/012)
Maxfield, N. D., Olsen, W. L., Kleinman, D., Frisch, S. A., Ferreira, V. S., & Lister, J. J. (2016). Attention demands of language production in adults who stutter.Clinical Neurophysiology, 127(4), 1942–1960. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.01.016
Maxfield, N. D., Pizon-Moore, A. A., Frisch, S. A., & Constantine, J. L. (2012). Exploring semantic and phonological picture-word priming in adults who stutter using event-related potentials. Clinical Neurophysiology, 123(6), 1131–1146. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.10.003
Maxfield, N. D., Huffman, J. L., Frisch, S. A., & Hinckley, J. J. (2010). Neural correlates of semantic activation spreading on the path to picture naming in adults who stutter. Clinical Neurophysiology, 121(9), 1447–1463. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.03.026
McCarthy-Jones, S. & Fernyhough, C. (2011). The varieties of inner speech: Links between quality of inner speech and psychopathological variables in a sample of young adults. Consciousness and Cognition, 20(4), 1586–1593. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2011.08.005
McGuire, P. K., Silbersweig, D. A., & Frith, C. D. (1996). Functional neuroanatomy of verbal self-monitoring. Brain, 119(Pt 3), 907–917. doi: 10.1093/brain/119.3.907
McGuire, P. K., Silbersweig, D. A., Wright, I., Murray, R. M., Frackowiak, R. S., & Frith, C. D. (1996). The neural correlates of inner speech and auditory verbal imagery in schizophrenia: relationship to auditory verbal hallucinations. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 169(2), 148–159. doi: 10.1192/bjp.169.2.148
McGuire, P. K., Silbersweig, D. A., Wright, I., Murray, R. M., David, A. S., Frackowiak, R. S., & Frith, C. D. (1995). Abnormal monitoring of inner speech: a physiological basis for auditory hallucinations. The Lancet, 346(8975), 596–600. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91435-8
Metzger, F. L., Auer, T., Helms, G., Paulus, W., Frahm, J., Sommer, M., & Neef, N. E. (2018). Shifted dynamic interactions between subcortical nuclei and inferior frontal gyri during response preparation in persistent developmental stuttering. Brain Structure and Function, 223(1), 165–183. doi: 10.1007/s00429-017-1476-1
Meyer, L., Grigutsch, M., Schmuck, N., Gaston, P., & Friederici, A. D. (2015). Frontal-posterior theta oscillations reflect memory retrieval during sentence comprehension. Cortex, 71, 205–218. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.06.027
Miall, R. C. & Jenkinson, E. W.. (2005). Functional imaging of changes in cerebellar activity related to learning during a novel eye-hand tracking task. Experimental Brain Research, 166(2), 170–183. doi: 10.1007/s00221-005-2351-5
Miall, R. C., Reckess, G. Z., & Imamizu, H. (2001). The cerebellum coordinates eye and hand tracking movements. Nature Neuroscience, 4(6), 638–644. doi: 10.1038/88465
Miall, R. C., Imamizu, H., & Miyauchi, S. (2000). Activation of the cerebellum in co-ordinated eye and hand tracking movements: an fMRI study. Experimental Brain Research, 135(1), 22–33. doi: 10.1007/s002210000491
Miles, S. & Bernstein Ratner, N. (2001). Parental language input to children at stuttering onset. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 44(5), 1116–1130. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/088)
Miller, A. E. (1985). Cessation of stuttering with progressive multiple sclerosis. Neurology, 35(9), 1341–1343. doi: 10.1212/wnl.35.9.1341
Mitchell, R. L. C. & Crow, T. J. (2005). Right hemisphere language functions and schizophrenia: the forgotten hemisphere? Brain, 128(Pt 5), 963–978 doi: 10.1093/brain/awh466
Mock, J. R., Foundas, A. L., & Golob, E. J. (2015). Speech preparation in adults with persistent developmental stuttering. Brain & Language, 149, 97–105. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.05.009
Mohan, R. & Weber, C. (2015). Neural systems mediating processing of sound units of language distinguish recovery versus persistence in stuttering. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7(1), 28. doi: 10.1186%2Fs11689-015-9124-7
Molinari, M., Leggio, M. G., & Silveri, M. C. (1997). Verbal fluency and agrammatism. In J. D. Schmahmann (Ed.), The cerebellum and cognition (pp. 325–339). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Montag, C., Bleek, B., Reuter, M., Müller, T., Weber, B., Faber, J., & Markett, S. (2019). Ventral striatum and stuttering: Robust evidence from a case-control study applying DARTEL. Neuroimage: Clinical, 23, 101890. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101890
Moray, N. (1959). Attention in dichotic listening: Affective cues and the influence of instructions. Quaterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 11 (1), 56–60. doi: 10.1080/17470215908416289
Motley, M. T., Camdon, C. T., & Baars, B. J. (1982). Covert formulation and editing of anomalies in speech production: Evidence from experimentally elicited slips of the tongue. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21(5), 578–594. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5371(82)90791-5
Muirden, R. (1996). Stammering, its nature and its correction. (edited by A. B. Godden). United Kingdom: Atherley Books.
Muirden, R. (1971). Stammering correction simplified. London: J. Garnet Miller Ltd.
Muroi, A., Hirayama, K., Tanno, Y., Shimizu, S., Watanabe, T., & Yamamoto, T. (1999). Cessation of stuttering after bilateral thalamic infarction. Neurology, 53(4), 890–891. doi: 10.1212/wnl.53.4.890
Mushiake, H., & Strick, P. L. (1995). Pallidal neuron activity during sequential arm movements. Journal of Neurophysiology, 74(6), 2754–2758. doi: 10.1152/jn.1995.74.6.2754
Näätänen, R., Paavilainen, P., Rinne, T., & Albo, K. (2007). The mismatch negativity (MMN) in basic research of central auditory processing: A review. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118(12), 2544–2590. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.04.026
Nagy, Z., Westerberg, H., & Klingberg, T. (2004). Maturation of white matter is associated with the development of cognitive functions during childhood. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16(7), 1227–1233. doi: 10.1162/0898929041920441
Natke, U. (1999). Die Kontrolle der Phonationsdauer bei stotternden und nichtstotternden Personen: Einfluß der Rückmeldungslautstärke [Control of phonation duration in stuttering and nonstuttering persons: influence of feedback loudness and adaptation]. Sprache Stimme Gehör, 23(4), 198–205.
Natke, U. & Alpermann, A. (2010). Stottern. Erkenntnisse, Theorien, Behandlungsmethoden.[Stuttering. Insights, Theories, Methods of Treatment] (3rd Ed.). Bern: Huber.
Natke, U., Alpermann, A., Heil, W., Kuckenberg, S., & Zückner, H. (2010). Langzeitergebnisse der Intensiv-Modifikation Stottern (IMS) [Long-time results.of the therapy program called Intensive Modification Stuttering (IMS)]. Sprache - Stimme – Gehör, 34, 155–164.
Natke, U., Sandrieser, P., van Ark, M., Pietrowsky, R., & Kalveram, K. T. (2004a). Linguistic stress, within-word position, and grammatical class in relation to early childhood stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 29(2), 109–122. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2003.11.002
Natke, U., Sandrieser, P., Bendels, C. P., Pietrowsky, R.,& Kalveram, K. T. (2004b). Realizations of linguistic stress in preschool children who stutter and controls. In A. Packman, A. Meltzer & H. F. M. Peters (eds.), Theory, Research and Therapy in Fluency Disorders. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Fluency Disorders in Montreal, Canada. Nijmegen: Nijmegen University Press.
Natke, U., Grosser, J., Sandrieser, P., & Kalveram, K. T. (2002). The duration component of the stress effect in stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders., 27(4), 305–318. doi: 10.1016/s0094-730x(02)00163-8
Natke, U., Sandrieser, P., Pietrowsky, R., & Kalveram, K. T. (2001). Stuttering and syllabic stress in preschool children: Preliminary observations. In B. Maassen, W. Hulstijn, R. D. Kent, & P. H. H. M. Van Lieshout (eds.), Speech Motor Control in Normal and Disordered Speech (pp. 258–261). Nijmegen, The Netherlands: Uitgeverij Vantilt.
Neef, N. E. & Chang, S. E. (2024) Knowns and unknowns about the neurobiology of stuttering. PLoS Biology, 22(2), e3002492. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002492
Neef ,N. E., Bütfering, C., Auer, T., Metzger, F. L., Euler, H. A., Frahm, J., Paulus, W., & Sommer M. (2018). Altered morphology of the nucleus accumbens in persistent developmental stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 55, 84–93. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.04.002
Neef , N. E., Anwander, A., Bütfering, C., Schmidt-Samoa, C., Friederici, A. D., Paulus, W., & Sommer, M. (2017). Structural connectivity of right frontal hyperactive areas scales with stuttering severity. Brain, 141(1), 191–204. doi: 10.1093/brain/awx316
Neef , N. E., Bütfering, C., Anwander, A., Friederici, A. D., Paulus, W., & Sommer, M. (2016). Left posterior-dorsal area 44 couples with parietal areas to promote speech fluency, while right area 44 activity promotes the stopping of motor responses. Neuroimage, 142, 628–644. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.030
Neef, N. E., Sommer, M., Neef, A., Paulus, W., Gudenberg, A. W. v., Jung, C., & Wüstenberg, T. (2012). Reduced speech perceptual acuity for stop consonants in individuals who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, & Hearing Research, 55(1), 276–289. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2011/10-0224)
Neelley, J. N. (1961). A study of the speech behavior of stutterers and nonstutterers under normal and delayed auditory feedback. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, Supplement 7, 63–82. PMID 13728119
Nessel, E. (1958). Die verzögerte Sprachrückkopplung (Lee-Effekt) bei Stotterern [The delayed feedback of speech (Lee effect) in stuttering]. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 10(4), 199–204. doi: 10.1159/000262818
Neumann, K., Euler, H. A., Gudenberg, A. W. v., Giraud, A.-L., Laufermann, H., Gall, V., & Preibisch, C. (2003). The nature and treatment of stuttering as revealed by fMRI. A within- and between-group comparison. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28(4), 381–410. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2003.07.003
Niermann Throneburg, R., & Yairi, E. (1994). Temporal dynamics of repetitions during the early stage of childhood stuttering: An acoustic study. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 37(5), 1067–1075. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3705.1067
Nooteboom, S. & Quené, H. (2017). Self-monitoring for speech errors: Two-stage detection and repair with and without auditory feedback. Journal of Memory and Language, 95, 19–35. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2017.01.007
Novik, T., Hervas, A., Ralston, S. J., Dalsgaard, S., Pereira, R. R., & Lorenzo, M. J. (2006). Influence of gender on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Europe – ADORE. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 15(Suppl. 1), 15–24. doi: 10.1007/s00787-006-1003-z
Nozari, N., Dell, G. S., & Schwartz, M. F. (2011). Is comprehension necessary for error detection? A conflict-based account of monitoring in speech production. Cognitive Psychology, 63(1), 1–33. doi: 10.1016%2Fj.cogpsych.2011.05.001
Ntourou, K., Anderson, J. D., & Wagovich, S. A. (2018). Executive function and childhood stuttering: Parent ratings and evidence from a behavioral task. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 56(1), 18–32. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.12.001
Nudelman, H. B., Herbrich, K. E., Hess, K. R., Hoyt, B. D., & Rosenfield, D. B.(1992). A model of the phonatory response time of stutterers and fluent speakers to frequency-modulated tones. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 92(4),1882–1888. doi: 10.1121/1.405263
Ogawa, K., Inui, T., & Sugio, T. (2006). Separating brain regions involved in internally guided and visual feedback control of moving effectors: an event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage, 32(4), 1760–1770. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.012
Olander, L., Smith, A., & Zelaznik, H. N. (2010). Evidence that a motor timing deficit is a factor in the development of stuttering. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53(4), 867–886. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/09-0007)
Oppenheim, G. M. & Dell, G. S. (2010). Motor movement matters: The flexible abstractness of inner speech. Memory and Cognition, 38(8), 1147–1160. doi: 10.3758/MC.38.8.1147
Oppenheim, G., & Dell, G. (2008). Inner speech slips exhibit lexical bias, but not the phonemic similarity effect. Cognition, 106(1), 528-537. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.02.006
Orpella, J., Flick, G., Assaneo, M. F., Shroff, R., Pylkkänen, L., Poeppel, D., & Jackson, E. S. (20249. Reactive inhibitory control precedes overt stuttering events. Neurobiology of Language, 5(2), 432-453. doi: 10.1162/nol_a_00138
Packman, A. & Attanasio, J. S. (2004). Theoretical issues in stuttering. Hove: Psychology Press (Taylor & Francis)
Packman, A., Code, C., & Onslow, M. (2007). On the cause of stuttering: Integrating theory with brain and behavioral research. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 20(5), 353–362. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2006.11.001
Palmer, E. D., Rosen, H. J., Ojemann, J. G., Buckner, R. L., Kelley, W. M., & Petersen, S. E. (2001). An event-related fMRI study of overt and covert word stem completion. Neuroimage, 14(1 Pt 1), 182–193. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0779
Pattie, F. A. & Knight, B. B. (1944). Why does the speech of stutterers improve in chorus reading. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 39(3), 362–367. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1944-03761-001
Paus, T., Perry, D. W., Zatorre, R. J., Worsley, K. J., & Evans, A. C. (1996). Modulation of cerebral blood flow in the human auditory cortex during speech: Role of motor-to-sensory discharges. European Journal of Neuroscience, 8(11), 2236–2246. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01187.x
Pelczarski, K. M., & Hoag, L. (2020). Resonant voice as a potential fluency technique: a mixed-methods analysis. International Fluency Association: Proceedings of the 2018 Joint World Congress, Hiroshima.
Pelczarski, K. M. & Yaruss, J. S. (2016). Phonological memory in young children who stutter. Journal of Communication Disorders, 17, 54–66. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2016.05.006
Pelczarski, K. M. & Yaruss, J. S. (2014). Phonological encoding of young children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 39, 12–24. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2013.10.003
Penfield, W., & Roberts, L. (1976). Speech and Brain Mechanisms. New York: Atheneum.
Perkins, W. H., Bell, J., Johnson, L., & Stocks, J. (1979). Phone rate and the effective planning time hypothesis of stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 22(4), 747–755. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2204.747
Perkins, W. H., Rudas, J., Johnson, L., & Bell, J. (1976). Stuttering: Discoordination of phonation with articulation and respiration. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 19(3), 509–522. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1903.509
Perrone-Bertolotti, M., Rapin, L., Lachaux, J. P., Baciu, M., & Lœvenbruck, H. (2014). What is that little voice inside my head? Inner speech phenomenology, its role in cognitive performance, and its relation to self-monitoring. Behavioral and Brain Research, 261, 220–239. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.12.034
Petersen, S. C. & Monk, K. R. (2015). Neurobiology: Myelin goes where the action is. Current Biology, 25(13), R562–R565. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.04.054
Picoloto, L. A., Cardoso, A. C. V., Cerqueira, A.V., & Oliveira, C. M. C. (2017). Effect of delayed auditory feedback on stuttering with and without central auditory processing disorders. Codas, 29(6), e20170038. doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/201720170038
Piispala, J., Kallio, M., Bloigu, R., & Jansson-Verkasalo, E. (2016). Delayed N2 response in Go condition in a visual Go/Nogo ERP study in children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 48, 16–26. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2016.02.001
Poeppel, D, & Monahan, P. J. (2011). Feedforward and feedback in speech perception: Revisiting analysis by synthesis. Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience, 26(7), 935–951. doi: 10.1080/01690965.2010.493301
Poeppel, D., Yellin, E., Philips, C., Roberts, T. P. L., Rowley, H. A., Wexler, K., & Marantz, A. (1996). Task-induced asymmetry of the auditory evoked M100 neuromagnetic field elicited by speech sounds. Cognitive Brain Research, 4(4), 231–242. doi: 10.1016/s0926-6410(96)00643-x
Polich J. (2007). Updating P300: an integrative theory of P3a and P3b. Clincial Neurophysiology. 118(10), 2128–2148. doi: 10.1016%2Fj.clinph.2007.04.019
Pool, K. D., Devous, M. D. Sr., Freeman, F. J., Watson, B. C., & Finitzo, T. (1991). Regional cerebral blood flow in developmental stutterers. Archives of Neurology, 48(5), 509–512. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1991.00530170069022
Portas, C. M., Rees, G., Howseman, A. M., Josephs, O., Turner, R. & Frith, C. D. (1998). A specific role for the thalamus in mediating the interaction of attention and arousal in humans. The Journal of Neuroscience, 18(21), 8979–8989. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.18-21-08979.1998
Postle, B. R. (2006). Working memory as an emergent property of the mind and brain. Neuroscience, 139(1), 23–38. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.06.005
Postma, A. & Noordanus, C. (1996). Production and detection of speech errors in silent, mouthed, noise-masked, and normal auditory feedback speech. Language and Speech, 39(4), 375–392. doi: 10.1177%2F002383099603900403
Postma, A. & Kolk, H. (1993). The covert repair hypothesis: Prearticulatory repair processes in normal and stuttered disfluencies. Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 36(3), 472–487. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3603.472
Postma, A. & Kolk, H. (1992). Error monitoring in people who stutter: evidence against auditory feedback defect theories. Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 35(5), 1024–1032. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3505.1024
Preibisch, C., Neumann, K., Raab, P., Euler, H. A., von Gudenberg, A. W., Laufermann, H., & Giraud, A.-L. (2003). Evidence for compensation for stuttering by the right frontal operculum. NeuroImage, 20(2), 1356–1364. doi: 10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00376-8
Prestes, R., de Andrade, A. N., Santos, R. B., Marangoni, A. T., Schiefer, A. M., & Gil, D. (2017). Temporal processing and long-latency auditory evoked potential in stutterers. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 83(2), 142–146. doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2016.02.015
Price, J. C., Wise, R. J. S., Warburton, E. A., Moore, C. J., Howard, D., Patterson, K. et al. (1996). Hearing and saying. The functional neuro-anatomy of word processing. Brain, 119(Pt 3), 919–931. doi: 10.1093/brain/119.3.919
Pulvermüller, F., Shtyrov, Y., Hasting, A. S., & Carlyon, R. P. (2008). Syntax as a reflex: neurophysiological evidence for early automaticity of grammatical processing. Brain and Language, 104(3), 244–253. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2007.05.002
Quarrington, B. (1965). Stuttering as a function of the information value and sentence position of words. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 70(3), 221–224. doi: 10.1037/h0022143
Quarrington, B., Conway, J., & Siegel, N. (1962). An experimental study of some properies of stuttered woreds. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 5(4), 387–394. doi: 10.1044/jshr.0504.387
Rämä, P., Relander-Syriaänen, K., Carlson, S., Salonen, O., & Kujala, T. (2012). Attention and semantic processing during speech: an fMRI study. Brain and Language, 122(2), 114–119. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.04.018
Rami, M. K., & Diederich, E. (2005). Effect of reading with reversed speech on frequency of stuttering in adults. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 100(2), 387–393. doi: 10.2466/pms.100.2.387-393
Rami, M. K., Kalinowski, J., Rastatter, M. P., Holbert, D., & Allen, M. (2005). Choral reading with filtered speech: effect on stuttering. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 100(2), 421–431. doi: 10.2466/pms.100.2.421-431
Ramnani, N., Toni, I., Josephs, O., Ashburner, J., & Passingham, R. E. (2000). Learning- and expectation-related changes in the human brain during motor learning. Journal of Neurophysiology, 84(6), 3026–3035. doi: 10.1152/jn.2000.84.6.3026
Ramtekkar, U. P., Reiersen, A. M., Todorov, A. A., & Todd, R. D. (2010). Sex and age differences in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms and diagnoses: Implications for DSM-V and ICD-11. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(3), 217–228. PMCID: 3101894
Ratcliff-Baird, B. (2001). ADHD and stuttering: Similar EEG profiles suggest neurotherapy as an adjunct to traditional speech therapies. Journal of Neurotherapy. 5(4), 5–22. doi: 10.1300/J184v05n04_02
Rauschecker, J. P., & Scott, S. K. (2009). Maps and streams in the auditory cortex: nonhuman primates illuminate human speech processing. Nature Neuroscience, 12(6), 718–724. doi: 10.1038/nn.2331
Reilly, S., Onslow, M., Packman, A., Cini, E., Conway, L., Ukoumunne, O. C., Bavin, E. L., Prior, M., Eadie, P., Block, S., & Wake, M. (2013). Natural History of Stuttering to 4 Years of Age: A Prospective Community-Based Study. Pediatrics, 132(3), 460–467. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-3067
Reilly, S., Onslow, M., Packman, A., Wake, M., Bavin, E. L., et al. (2009). Predicting stuttering onset by the age of 3 years: a prospectiv community cohort study. Pediatrics,123(1), 270–277. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-3219
Reitzes, P. (2006). Pausing: Reducing the frequency of stuttering. The Journal of Stuttering Therapy, Advocacy & Research, 1, 64–78. PDF
Richels, C., Buhr, A., Conture, E., & Ntourou, K. (2010). Utterance complexity and stuttering on function words in preschool-age children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 35(3), 314–331. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2010.06.001
Riès S., Janssen N., Dufau S., Alario F.-X., & Burle B. (2011). General-purpose monitoring during speech production. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(6), 1419–1436. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21467
Rijntjes, M., Weiller, C., Bomann, T., & Musso, M. (2012). The dual loop model: its relation to language and other modalities. Frontiers in Evolutionary Neuroscience, 4, article 9. doi: 10.3389/fnevo.2012.00009
Riley, G. & Riley, J. (2000). A reviesed component model for diagnosing and treating children who stutter. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders, 27, 188–199. doi: 10.1044/cicsd_27_F_188
Robinson, R. (2015). The thalamus, not the sensory cortices, regulates selective attention, optogenetic experiments show. Neurology Today, 15, 13–14. doi: 10.1097/01.NT.0000475929.99208.27
Rongna, A., Sakai, N., Yasu, K., & Mori, K. (2018). A case of improvement in stuttering with home-based speech shadowing training. The Japan Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, 59(2), 169–177. [English Abstract]
Ronson, I. (1976). Word frequency and stuttering: The relationship to sentence structure. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 19(4), 813–819. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1904.813
Rosenbaum, D. A., Cohen, R. G., Jax, S. A., Weiss, D. J., & van der Wel, R. (2007). The problem of serial order in behavior: Lashley’s legacy. Human Movement Science, 26(4), 525–554. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2007.04.001
Roth, G. (2007). Persönlichkeit, Entscheidung und Verhalten [Personality, Decision, and Behavior]. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.
Rousey, C. L., Goetzinger, C. P., & Dirks, D. (1959). Sound localization ability of normal, stuttering, neurotic, and hemiplegic subjects. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1, 640–645. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1959.03590060102011
Sabri, M., Binder, J. R., Desai, R., Medler, D. A., Leitl, M. D., & Liebenthal, E. (2008). Attentional and linguistic interactions in speech perception. Neuroimage, 39(3), 1444–1456. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.09.052
Salmelin, R., Schnitzler, A., Schmitz F., Jäncke, L., Witte, O. W., & Freund, H. J. (1998). Functional organization of the auditory cortex is different in stutterers and fluent speakers. Neuroreport, 9(10), 2225–2229. doi: 10.1097/00001756-199807130-00014
Saltuklaroglu, T., Harkrider, A. W., Thornton, D., Jenson, D., & Kittilstved, T. (2017). EEG Mu (µ) rhythm spectra and oscillatory activity differentiate stuttering from non-stuttering adults. NeuroImage, 153, 232–245. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.022
Saltuklaroglu, T., Kalinowski, J., & Guntupalli, V. K. (2004). Towards a common neural substrate in the immediate and effective inhibition of stuttering. International Journal of Neuroscience, 114(4), 435–450. doi: 10.1080/00207450490422687
Saltuklaroglu, T., Kalinowski, J., Dayalu, V. N., Stuart, A., & Rastatter, M. P. (2004). Voluntary stuttering suppresses true stuttering: a window on the speech perception-production link. Perceptual Psycology, 66(2), 249–254. doi: 10.3758/bf03194876
Sandow, L. (1898). Mechanik des Stotterns [The Mechanism of Stuttering]. Nordhausen: Edler.
Sasisekaran, J. & Byrd, C. (2013). Nonword repetition and phoneme elision skills in school-age children who do and do not stutter. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 48(6), 625–639. doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.12035
Sato, Y., Mori, K., Koizumi, T., Minagawa-Kawai, Y., Tanaka, A., Ozawa, E., Wakaba, Y., & Mazuka, R. (2011). Functional lateralization of speech processing in adults and children who stutter. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, Article 70. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00070
Saur, D., Kreher, B. W., Schnell, S., Kümmerer, D., Kellmeyer, P., Vry, M.-S., Umarova, R., Musso, M., Glauche, V., Abel, S., Huber, W., Rijntjes, M., Hennig, J., & Weiller, C. (2008). Ventral and dorsal pathways for language. PNAS, 105, 18035–18040. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0805234105
Scheerer, N. E., Tumber, A. K., & Jones, J. A. (2016). Attentional demands modulate sensorimotor learning induced by persistent exposure to changes in auditory feedback. Journal of Neurophysiology, 115(2), 826–832. doi: 10.1152/jn.00799.2015
Schlesinger, I. M., Melkman, R., & Levi, R. (1966). Word length and frequency as determinants of stuttering. Psychonomic Science, 6, 255–256. doi: 10.3758/BF03328054
Schlesinger, I. M., Forte, M., Fried, B., & Melkman, R. (1965). Stuttering, information load, and response strength. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 30, 32–36. doi: 10.1044/jshd.3001.32
Scholz, J., Klein, M. C., Behrens, T. E. J., & Johansen-Berg, H. (2009). Training induces changes in white matter architecture. Nature Neuroscience, 12(11), 1370–1371. doi: 10.1038/nn.2412
Seery, C. H., Watkins, R. V., Mangelsdorf, S. C., & Shigeto, A. (2007). Subtyping stuttering II: Contributions from language and temperament. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 32(3), 197–217. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2007.07.001
Segawa, J. A., Tourville, A., Beal, D. S., & Guenther, F. H. (2015). The neural correlates of speech motor sequence learning. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 27(4), 819–831. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00737
Seidler, R. D., Kwak, Y., Fling, B. W., & Bernard, J. A. (2014). Neurocognitive mechanisms of error-based motor learning. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 782, 39–60. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5465-6_3
Seidler, R. D., Noll, D. C., & Thiers, G. (2004). Feedforward and feedback processes in motor control. NeuroImage, 22(4), 1775–1783. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.05.003
Seyfeddinipur, M, Kita, S., & Indefrey, P. (2008). How speakers interrupt themselves in managing problems in speaking: Evidence from self-repairs. Cognition, 108(3), 837–842. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2008.05.004
Shane, M. L. S. (1955). Effects on stuttering of alteration in auditory feedback. In W. Johnson & R. R. Leutenegger, (Eds.), Stuttering in children and cdults. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press.
Sheeban, J. G. (1974). Stuttering behavior: A phonetic analysis. Journal of Communication Disorders, 7(3), 193–212. doi: 10.1016/0021-9924(74)90031-8
Shelton, J. L. (1975). The elimination of persistent stuttering by the use of homework assignments involving speech shadowing: A case report. Behavior Therapy, 6(3), 392–393. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(75)80114-6
Shergill, S. S., Brammer, M. J., Fukuda, R., Bullmore, E., Amaro, E., Murray, R. M. & McGuire, P. K. (2002). Modulation of activity in temporal cortex during generation of inner speech. Human Brain Mapping, 16(4), 219–227. doi: 10.1002/hbm.10046
Short, S. J., Elison, J. T., Goldman, B. D., Styner, M., Gu, H., Connelly, M., Maltbie, E., Woolson, S., Lin, W., Gerig, G., Reznick, J. S., & Gilmore, J. H. (2013). Associations between white matter microstructure and infants' working memory. NeuroImage, 64, 156–166. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.021
Silverman, S. & Bernstein Ratner, N. (2002). Measuring lexical diversity in children who stutter: Application of vocd. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 27(4), 289–304. doi: 10.1016/s0094-730x(02)00162-6
Silverman, F. H. & Williams, D. E. (1967). Loci of disfluencies in the speech of stutterers. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 24(4), 1085–1086. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1004.790
Singer, C. M., Walden, T. A., & Jones, R. M. (2019). Attention, speech-language dissociations, and stuttering chronicity. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 29(1), 157–167. doi: 10.1044/2019_ajslp-19-00039
Simonyan, K. & Horwitz, B. (2011). Laryngeal motor cortex and control of speech in humans. Neuroscientist, 17(2), 197–208. doi: 10.1177/1073858410386727
Smith, E. E, & Jonides, J. (1999). Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes. Science, 283(5408), 1657–1661. doi: 10.1126/science.283.5408.1657
Smith, J. D., Wilson, M., & Reisberg, D. (1995). The role of subvocalization in auditory imagery. Neuropsychology 33(11), 1433–1454. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00074-d
Smith, J. D., Reisberg, D., & Wilson, M. (1992). Subvocalization and auditory imagery: interactions between the inner ear and the inner voice. In D. Reisberg (Ed.), Auditory Imagery (pp. 95–119). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Smits-Bandstra, S., De Nil, L., & Rochon, E. (2006). The transition to increased automaticity during finger sequence learning in adult males who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 31(1), 22–42. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2005.11.004
Smołka, E. & Adamczyk, B. (1992). Influence of visual echo and visual reverberation on speech fluency in stutterers. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 15(2), 134–139. doi: 10.1097/00004356-199206000-00005
Soderberg, G. A. (1967). Linguistic factors in stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 10(4), 801–810. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1004.801
Soderberg, G. A. (1966). The relation of stuttering to word length and word frequency. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 9(4), 584–589. doi: 10.1044/jshr.0904.584
Sommer, M., Koch, M. A., Paulus, W., Weiller, C., & Hüchel, C. (2002). Disconnection of speech-relevant brain areas in persistent developmental stuttering. The Lancet, 360(9330), 380–383. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09610-1
Song, L. P., Peng, D. L., Jin, Z., Yao, L., Ning, N,, Guo, X. J., et al. (2007). Gray matter abnormalities in developmental stuttering determined with voxel-based morphometry [article in Chinese, abstract in English]. National Medical Journal of China, 87(41), 2884–2888. PMID: 18261300
Sowman, P. F., Crain, S., Harrison, E., & Johnson, B. W. (2014). Lateralization of brain activation in fluent and non-fluent preschool children: A magnetoencephalographic study of picture-naming. Frontiers of Human Neuroscience, 8, 354. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00354
Specht, K. & Reul, J. (2003). Functional segregation of the temporal lobes into highly differentiated subsystems for auditory perception: an auditory rapid event-related fMRI-task. Neuroimage, 20(4), 1944–1954. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.07.034
Spencer, C, & Weber-Fox, C. (2014). Preschool speech articulation and nonword repetition abilities may help predict eventual recovery or persistence of stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 41, 32–46. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.06.001
Srinivasan, S., Keil, A., Stratis, K., Woodruff Carr, K. L., & Smith, D. W. (2012). Effects of cross-modal selective attention on the sensory periphery: Cochlear sensitivity is altered by selective attention. Neuroscience, 223, 225–232. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.062
Stager, S. V., Jeffries, K. J., & Braun, A. R. (2003). Common features of fluency-evoking conditions studied in stuttering subjects and controls: an H215O PET study. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28(4), 319–336. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2003.08.004
Sternberg, S. Knoll, R. L., Monsell, S., & Wright, C. E. (1988). Motor programs and hierarchical organization in the control of rapid speech. Phonetica, 45, 175–197. doi: 10.1159/000261825
Sternberg, S., Wright, C. E., Knoll, R. L., & Monsell, S. (1980). Motor programs in rapid speech: additional evidence. In R. A. Cole (ed.) Perception and production of fluent speech. Fourteenth Annual Carnegie Symposium of Cognition (pp. 507–534), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Stephen, S. C. G. & Haggard, M. P. (1980). Acoustic properties of masking/delayed feedback in the fluency of stutterers and controls. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 23(3), 527–538. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2303.538
St. Louis, K. O. (1979). Linguistic and motor aspects of stuttering. In N. G. Lass (Ed.), Speech and Language. Advances in Basic Research and Practice, Vol. 1 (pp. 90–210). New York: Academic Press.
Stromsta, C. (1972). Interaural phase disparity of stutterers and nonstutterers. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 15(4), 771–780. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1504.771
Stromsta, C. (1959). Experimental blockage of phonation by distorted sideton. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 2, 286–301. doi: 10.1044/jshr.0203.286
Stuart, A., Kalinowski, J., Rastatter, M., & Lynch, K. (2002). Effect of delayed auditory feedback on normal speakers at two speech rates. The Journal of the Acoustic Society ofAmerica, 111(5 Pt 1), 2237–2241. doi: 10.1121/1.1466868
Stuart, A., Miller, R. K., Kalinowski, J., & Rastatter, M. P. (1997). Effect of speaking into a passive resonator on stuttering frequency. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84(3 Pt 2), 1343–1346. doi: 10.2466/pms.1997.84.3c.1343
Stuart, A. & Kalinowski, J. (1996). Fluent speech, fast articulatory rate, and delayed auditory feedback: creating a crisis for a scientific revolution? Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82(1), 211–218. doi: 10.2466/pms.1996.82.1.211
Stuart, A., Kalinowski, J., Armson, J., Stenstrom, R., & Jones, K. (1996). Fluency effect of frequency alterations of plus/minus one-half and one-quarter octave shifts in auditory feedback of people who stutter. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39(2), 396–401. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3902.396
Suga, N., Gao, E. Zhang, Y., Ma, X. & Olsen, J. F. (2000). The corticofugal system for hearing: Recent progress. PNAS, 97(22), 11807–11814. doi: 10.1073/pnas.97.22.11807
Sussman, H. M. (1982). Contrastive patterns of intrahemispheric interference to verbal and spatial concurrent tasks in right-handed, left-handed and stuttering populations. Neuropsychologia, 20(6), 675–684. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(82)90067-7
Sutton, S. & Chase, R. A.(1961).White noise and stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 4(1), 72–72. doi: 10.1044/jshr.0401.72
Szaflarski, J. P., Holland, S. K., Schmithorst, V. J., & Byars, A. W. (2006). An fMRI study of language lateralization in children and adults. Human Brain Mapping, 27(3), 202–212. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20177
Tahaei, A. A., Ashayeri, H., Pourbakht, A., & Kamali, M. (2014). Speech evoked auditory brainstem response in stuttering.Scientifica (Cairo), Article ID 328646, 7 pages. doi: 10.1155/2014/328646
Takaso, H., Eisner, F., Wise, R. J. S., & Scott, S. K. (2010). The effect of delayed auditory feedback on activity in the temporal lobe while speaking: A Positron Emission Tomography study. Journal of Speech, Language, & Hearing Research, 53(2), 226–236. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/09-0009)
Takeuchi, H., Sekiguchi, A., Taki, Y., Yokoyama, S., Yomogida, Y., Komuro, N., Yamanouchi, T., Suzuki, S., & Kawashima, R. (2010). Training of working memory impacts structural connectivity. Journal of Neuroscience, 30(9), 3297–3303. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.4611-09.2010
Taylor, I. K. (1966), The properties of stuttered words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5(2), 112–118. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5371(66)80003-8
Taylor, K. I. & Regard, M. (2003). Language in the right cerebral hemisphere: Contribution from reading studies. News in Physiological Science, 18, 257–262. doi: 10.1152/nips.01454.2003
Thorson, A. M. (1925). The relation of tongue movements to internal speech. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 8(1), 1–32. doi: 10.1037/h0073795
Tian, X., Zarate, J. M., & Poeppel, D. (2016). Mental imagery of speech implicates two mechanisms of perceptual reactivation. Cortex, 77, 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.01.002
Tian, X. & Poeppel, D. (2012). Mental imagery of speech: linking motor and perceptual systems through internal simulation and estimation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 314. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00314
Tian, X., & Poeppel, D. (2010). Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forwardmodels. Frontiers in Psychology, 1, article 166. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00166
Tornick, G. B. & Bloodstein, O. (1976). Stuttering and sentence length. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 19(4), 651–654. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1904.651
Tourville, J. A., Reilly, K. J., & Guenther, F. H. (2008). Neural mechanisms underlying auditory feedback control of speech. Neuroimage, 39(3), 1429–1443. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.09.054
Tourville, J. A., Cai, S., & Guenther, F. H. (2013). Exploring auditory-motor interactions in normal and disordered speech. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 133(5), 3564–3564. doi: 10.1121/1.4806503
Toyomura, A., Fujii, T., & Kuriki, S. (2011). Effect of external auditory pacing on the neural activity of stuttering speakers. NeuroImage, 57(4), 1507–1516. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.039
Travis, L.E. (1978). The cerebral dominance theory of stuttering: 1931–1978. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 43(3), 278–281. doi: 10.1044/jshd.4303.278
Trewartha, K. M. & Philips, N. A. (2013). Detecting self-produced speech errors before and after articulation: an ERP investigation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, article 763. doi: 10.3389%2Ffnhum.2013.00763
Uda, S., Matsui, M., Tanaka, C., Uematsu, A., Miura, K., Kawana, I., & Noguchi, K. (2015). Normal development of human brain white matter from infancy to early adulthood: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Developmental Neuroscience, 37(2), 182–194. doi: 10.1159/000373885
Unger, J. (2012). The immediate and long-term effects of altered auditory feedback (AAF) on the characteristics of persistent developmental stuttering. Doctoral dissertation, Pädagogische Hochschule Heidelberg, Published online: https://d-nb.info/107028579X/34
Unger, J. P., Glück, C. W., & Cholewa, J. (2012). Immediate effects of AAF devices on the characteristics of stuttering: a clinical analysis. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 37(2), 122–134. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.02.001
Usler, E. & Weber-Fox, C. (2015). Neurodevelopment for syntactic processing distinguishes childhood stuttering recovery versus persistence. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7(1), 4. doi: 10.1186/1866-1955-7-4
van Ark, M., Sandrieser, P., Natke, U., Pietrowsky, R. & Kalveram, K. T. (2004). Characteristic features of single-syllable word repetitions in preschool children who stutter and controls. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Fluency Disorders in Montreal, Canada (285–289). Nijmegen: Nijmegen University Press.
Van Dantzig, M. (1940). Syllable tapping: a new method for the help of stammerers. Journal of Speech Disorders, 5(2), 127–133. doi: 10.1044/jshd.0502.127
Van Mier, H. I. & Petersen, S. F. (2002). Role of the cerebellum in motor cognition. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 978, 334–353. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb07578.x
Van Riper, C. G. (1982) The Nature of Stuttering (2nd. ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Van Riper, C. (1979). A Career in Speech Pathology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Van Riper, C. G. (1973). The Treatment of Stuttering. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Van Riper, C. G. (1971) The Nature of Stuttering. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Van Riper, C. & Hull, C. J. (1955). The qualitative measurement of the effect of certain situations on stuttering. In W. Johnson & R. R. Leutenegger (Eds.) Stuttering in Children and Adults. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Vasic, N. & Wijnen, F. (2005). Stuttering as a monitoring deficit. In R. J. Hartsuiker, R. Bastiaanse, A. Postma, & F. Wijnen (Eds.), Phonological encoding and monitoring in normal and pathological speech (pp. 226–247). Hove: Psychology Press.
Vasic, N. & Wijjnen, F. (2001). Stuttering and speech monitoring. International Speech Communication Association (ISCA) online archive: PDF
Venkatagiri, H. S. (1980). The relevance of DAF-induced speech disruption to the understanding of stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 5(2), 87–98. doi: 10.1016/0094-730X(80)90002-9
Vigliocco, G. & Hartsuiker, R. J. (2002). The interplay of meaning, sound, and syntax in sentence production. Psychological Bulletin, 128(3), 442–472. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.128.3.442
Vingerhoets, G., Berckmoes, C., & Stroobant, N. (2003). Cerebral hemodynamics during discrimination of prosodic and semantic emotion in speech studied by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Neuropsychology, 17(1), 93–99. PMID: 12597077
Wagovich, S. A., Anderson, J. D., & Hill, M. S. (2020). Visual exogenous and endogenous attention and visual memory in preschool children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 66, 105792. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2020.105792
Wake, H., Lee, P. R., & Fields, R. D. (2011). Control of local protein synthesis and initial events in myelination by action potentials. Science, 333(6049), 1647–1651. doi: 10.1126/science.1206998
Wang, Z. M., Wei, P. H., Shan. Y., Han, M., Zhang, M., Liu, H., Gao, J. H., & Lu, J. (2020). Identifying and characterizing projections from the subthalamic nucleus to the cerebellum in humans. Neuroimage, 210, 116573. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116573
Watkins, K. E., Smith, S. M., Davis, S., & Howell, P. (2008). Structural and functional abnormalities of the motor system in developmental stuttering. Brain, 131(Pt 1), 50–59. doi: 10.1093/brain/awm241
Watkins, R. V. (2005). Language abilities of young children who stutter. In E. Yairi, & N. Ambrose (Eds.), Early childhood stuttering (pp. 235–253). Austin, Texas: Pro-Ed.
Watkins, R. V., Yairi, E., & Ambrose, N. G. (1999). Early childhood ctuttering III: initial status of expressive language abilities. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42(5), 1125–1135. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4205.1125
Watkins, R. V., & Yairi, E. (1997). Language production abilities of children who persisted and recovered from stuttering. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40(2), 385–399. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4002.385
Watson, B. C. & Freeman, F. J. (1997). Neurophysiology and behavioral evidence for a fluency-generating system. In W. Hulstijn, H. F. M. Peters & P. H. H. M. van Lieshout (Eds.), Speech Production: Motor Control, Brain Research and Fluency Disorders (pp. 341–349). Amsterdam: Elsevier
Watts, A., Eadie, P., Block, S., Mensah, E., & Reilly, S. (2015). Language ability of children with and without a history of stuttering: A longitudinal cohort study. International Journal of Speech and Language Pathology, 17(1), 86–95. doi: 10.3109/17549507.2014.923512
Weber-Fox, C., Hampton Wray, A., & Hayley, A. (2913) Early childhood stuttering and electrophysiological indices of lamguage processing. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 38(2), 206–221. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2013.01.001
Weber-Fox, C & Hampton, A. (2008). Stuttering and natural speech processing of semantic and syntactic constraints on verbs. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 51(5), 1058–1071. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/07-0164)
Webster, R. L. & Dorman, M. F. (1970). Decreases in stuttering frequency as a function of continuous and contingent forms of auditory masking. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 13(1), 82–86. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1301.82
Webster, R. L., Schumacher, S. J., & Lubker, B. E. (1970). Changes in stuttering frequency as a function of various intervals of delayed auditory feedback. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 75(1), 45–49. doi: 10.1037/h0028812
Webster, R. L. & Lubker, B. B. (1968). Interrelationsships among fluency producing variables in stuttered speech. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 11(4), 754–768. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1104.754
Wei, P. T., Leong, D., Calabrese, E., White, L., Pierce, T., Platt, S., & Provenzale, J. (2013). Diffusion tensor imaging of neural tissue organization: correlations between radiologic and histologic parameters.The Neuroradiology Journal, 26(5), 501–510. doi: 10.1177/197140091302600502
Wiechmann, J. & Richter, E. (1966). Die Häufigkeit des Stotterns beim Singen [The frequency of stuttering in song]. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 18(6), 435–446. doi: 10.1159/000263072
Wiecki, T. V. & Frank, N. J. (2013). A computational model of inhibitory control in frontal cortex and basal ganglia. Psychological Review, 120(2), 329–355, doi: 10.1037/a0031542
Wieland, E. A., McAuley, J. D., Dilley, L. C., & Chang, S. E. (2015). Evidence for a rhythm perception deficit in children who stutter. Brain and Language, 144, 26–34. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.03.008
Williams, D. E., Silverman, F. H., & Kools, J. A. (1969). Disfluency behaviors in elementary-school stutterers and nonstutterers. Loci of instances of disfluency. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 12(2), 308–318. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1202.308
Wilson, M. (2001). The case for sensorimotor coding in working memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(1), 44–57. doi: 10.3758/bf03196138
Wimmer, R. D., Schmitt, L. J., Davidson, T. J., Nakajima, M., Deissenroth, K., & Halassa, M. M. (2015). Thalamic control of sensory selection in divided attention. Nature, 526(7575), 705–709. doi: 10.1038/nature15398
Wingate, M. E. (1988). The Structure of Stuttering. A Psycholinguistic Analysis. New York: Springer.
Wingate, M. E. (1981). Sound pattern in artificial fluency: Spectrographic evidence. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 6(2), 95–118. doi: 10.1016/0094-730X(81)90009-7
Wingate, M. F. (1970). Effect on stuttering of changes in audition. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 13(4), 861–873. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1304.861
Wingate, M. (1969a). Stuttering as phonetic transition defect. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 34(1), 107–108. doi: 10.1044/jshd.3401.107
Wingate; M. E. (1969b). Sound and pattern in “artificial” fluency. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 12(4), 677–686. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1204.677
Wingate, M. E. (1967). Stuttering and word length. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 10(1), 146–152. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1001.146
Wood, N. & Nelson, C., (1995). The cocktail party phenomenon revisited: How frequent are attention shifts to one's own name in an irrelevant auditory channel? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learnin, Memory, and Cognition, 21(1), 255–260. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.21.1.255
Wu, J. C., Maguire, G., Riley, G., Lee, A., Keator, D., Tang, C,, Fallon, J., & Najafi, A. (1997).Increased dopamine activity associated with stuttering. Neuroreport. 8(3), 767–770. doi: 10.1097/00001756-199702100-00037
Wu, J. C., Maguire, G., Riley, G., Fallon, J., LaCasse, L., Chin, S., Klein, E., Tang, C., Cadwell, S., & Lottenberg, S. (1995). A positron emission tomography [18F]deoxyglucose study of developmental stuttering. NeuroReport, 6(3), 501–505. doi: 10.1097/00001756-199502000-00024
Wu, Z. M., Bralten, J., Cao, Q. J., Hoogman, M., Zwiers, M. P., An, L., Sun, L., Yang, L., Zang, Y. F., Franke, B., & Wang, Y. F. (2016). White matter microstructural alterations in children with ADHD: categorical and dimensional perspectives. Neuropsychopharmacology, 42(2), 572–580. doi: 10.1038/npp.2016.223
Wymbs, N. F., Ingham, R. J., Ingham, J. C., Paolini, K. E., & Grafton, S. T. (2013). Individual differences in neural regions functionally related to real and imagined stuttering. Brain and Language, 12(2), 153–164. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.11.013
Yairi, E. (2012). Is language a risk factor in stuttering? The Stuttering Foundation of America, Fall Newsletter. Retrieved from: The Stuttering Foundation
Yairi E, & Ambrose N. (2005). Early childhood stuttering. Austin, Texas: Pro-Ed..
Yang, Y., Jia, F., Fox P. T., Siok, W. T., & Tan, L. H. (2018). Abnormal neural response to phonological working memory demands in persistent developmental stuttering. Human Brain Mapping, 40(1), 214–222. doi: 10.1002/hbm.24366
Yang, Y., Jia, F., Siok, W. T., & Tan, L. H. (2016). Altered functional connectivity in persistent developmental stuttering. Scientific Reports, 6, article 19128. doi: 10.1038/srep19128
Yaruss, J. S. (1999). Utterance length, syntactic complexity, and childhood stuttering. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Reserch, 42(2), 329–344. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4202.329
Yates, A. J. (1963). Delayed auditory feedback. Psychological Bulletin, 60, 213–32. doi: 10.1037/h0044155
Zarate, J. M. & Zatorre, R. J. (2008). Experience-dependent neural substrates involved in vocal pitch regulation during singing. NeuroImage, 40, 1871–1887. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.01.026
Zatorre, R. J., Fields, R. D., & Johansen-Berg, H. (2012). Plasticity in gray and white: neuroimaging changes in brain structure during learning. Nature Neuroscience, 15(4), 528–536. doi: 10.1038/nn.3045
Zhang, S., Ide, J. S., & Li, C. S. (2012). Resting-state functional connectivity of the medial superior frontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 22(1), 99–111. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhr088
Zheng, Z. Z., Vicente-Grabovetsky, A., MacDonald, E. N., Munhall, K. G., Cusack, R., & Johnsrude, I. S. (2013). Multi-voxel patterns reveal functionally differentiated networks underlying auditory feedback processing of speech. The Journal of Neuroscience, 33(10), 4339–4348. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.6319-11.2013
Zheng, Z. Z., Munhall, K. G., & Johnsrude, I. S. (2010). Functional overlap between regions involved in speech perception and in monitoring one's own voice during speech production. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2(8), 1770–1781. doi: 10.1162%2Fjocn.2009.21324
Zocchi, L., Estenne, M., Johnston, S., Del Ferro, L., Ward, M. E., & Macklem, P. T. (1990). Respiratory muscle incoordination in stuttering speech. The American Review of Respiratory Disease, 141(6), 1510–1515. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/141.6.1510